有限责任制度下的债权人利益保护

发布时间：2018-03-18 08:01

本文选题：有限责任　切入点：债权人保护　出处：《云南财经大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 有限责任制度是商法领域一项非常重要的制度,被喻为“公司法的一块传统基石。”有限责任制度的出现,对于投资者或者股东来说,具有积极的意义,它将投资者的风险大大降低,极大地刺激了投资者的兴趣,从而促进了市场交易。但是,有限责任在为投资者带来一系列便利的同时,也为企业的债权人带来了种种担忧。有限责任在设立之初过分地注重于保护投资者的利益,分散投资者的风险,这种分散实际上是将投资者的风险转嫁给了债权人承担,而立法并未给予债权人足够的重视,因此,债权人的利益经常遭受损失并且缺乏合理的救济。公司股东往往会利用公司独立的人格以及股东的有限责任来侵害债权人的利益,例如恶意注销公司、非法转移财产等行为。由于债权人对于公司来说,是独立于公司以外的第三人,这种身份就决定了债权人不可能直接参与公司治理,因此债权人所获取的信息必然是滞后的,无法对公司的财产状况形成有效的监督。加上传统立法观念一直将资本信用而非资产信用作为衡量公司信用之基础,并不能实际反映公司的资产状况,当公司股东恶意从事损害债权人的行为,减少公司可偿债资产时,债权人无法及时知晓,只能事后通过法律途径进行救济,立法及司法对债权人保护就显得尤为迫切。从实践中来看,大部分债权人的损失是由于债务人的不法行为造成的,如果对公司债权的保护仅仅要求债务人遵纪守法显然不够,本文就提出了对于债权人本身也应当积极履行一定的行为从而防止其利益遭受损失。文章共分为五大部分,通过对有限责任制度的研究,分析现有的对债权人保护措施的益处与缺陷,借鉴国外债权人保护制度中一些比较成熟的理论,从而对我国现有的债权人保护制度的完善提供有益思路。
[Abstract]:Limited liability system is a very important system in the field of commercial law, which is regarded as "a traditional cornerstone of company law." the emergence of limited liability system is of positive significance to investors or shareholders. It greatly reduces investor's risk, greatly stimulates investor's interest, and thus promotes market trading. However, limited liability brings a series of convenience to investors, At the beginning of its establishment, limited liability paid too much attention to protecting investors' interests and dispersing investors' risks, which in fact passed on investors' risks to creditors. However, the legislation does not pay enough attention to the creditors, so the interests of the creditors are often lost and lack of reasonable relief. Shareholders of the company often use the independent personality of the company and the limited liability of the shareholders to infringe on the interests of the creditors. For example, malicious write-off of a company, illegal transfer of property, and so on. Because creditors are independent of the third person outside the company for the company, this status determines that creditors cannot directly participate in corporate governance. Therefore, the information obtained by creditors must be lagging behind and can not effectively supervise the property status of the company. In addition, the traditional legislative concept has always regarded capital credit rather than asset credit as the basis for measuring corporate credit. It does not actually reflect the state of the company's assets. When the shareholders of the company engage in malicious acts against the creditors and reduce the company's repayable assets, the creditors cannot know in time, and can only provide relief through legal channels afterwards. Legislation and justice to protect creditors is particularly urgent. In practice, most of the creditors' losses are caused by the debtor's wrongdoing, and if the protection of the company's claims simply requires the debtor to abide by the law, This paper puts forward that creditors themselves should actively perform certain behaviors to prevent their interests from losing. The article is divided into five parts. Through the study of limited liability system, the paper analyzes the benefits and defects of the existing measures for creditor protection, and draws lessons from some mature theories in the foreign creditor protection system. So as to improve the existing creditor protection system in China to provide useful ideas.
【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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