有限公司股东资格案件研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 16:48

本文选题：有限责任公司　切入点：隐名股东　出处：《湖南大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：有限责任公司股东资格是股东行使股东权利、承担股东义务的基础。实践中,由于公司在设立和运作过程中存在不规范操作、隐名出资等原因,关于如何确认有限责任公司股东资格,在我国司法界存在较为明显的分歧。目前,比较有代表性的观点和做法是,将影响股东资格的有关要素分为形式要件和实质要件,并根据这些要件来判断股东资格。形式要件为：公司章程、股东名册以及工商登记的记载。实质要件为：履行出资义务、实际享有股东权利等。在大多数案件中,司法机关仅仅依靠形式要件作为唯一的判断依据,而忽视对实质要件的考量。然而,商法行为本质上是以表意为特征的民事行为,意思表示是法律行为的核心。特别是在大多数股东资格争议案件中,当事人往往不具备任何形式上的要件,这时只能依靠行为人是否有成为股东的意思表示,并且是否符合我国有限责任公司人合性要求等实质性要件来进行判断。在这一类案件中,如何确定实质要件的内容,如何对实质要件进行举证,就显得非常重要。司法实践中,对“隐名股东”这一概念的使用一直都比较混乱,“隐名股东”往往成为隐名出资、隐名持股等现象的代称。究其原因在于对隐名股东的内涵与外延缺乏明确的界定。严格意义上的隐名股东只能依据与显名股东之间的协议而产生,其他股东只知道显明股东,并不知道隐名股东的存在。因此,隐名股东与冒名出资、名义出资、事实股东是存在区别的。隐名股东权利义务的范畴,以及隐名股东权利义务的行使方式有其独特的特征,隐名股东的法律地位应当区别于公司的一般股东,对“隐名股东”的使用也受到严格的限制。
[Abstract]:The qualification of shareholders in a limited liability company is the basis for shareholders to exercise their rights and undertake the obligations of shareholders. In practice, due to the existence of irregular operation and anonymous capital contribution in the course of establishment and operation of the company, There are obvious differences on how to confirm the shareholder qualification of limited liability company in our country. At present, the more representative view and practice is to divide the relevant factors that affect the qualification of shareholders into formal and substantive elements. According to these elements, the qualification of shareholders is judged. The formal elements are: the articles of association, the register of shareholders and the records of industrial and commercial registration. The essential elements are: fulfilling the obligation of capital contribution, actually enjoying the rights of shareholders, etc. In most cases, The judiciary only relies on formal elements as the sole basis of judgment, while neglecting the consideration of substantive elements. However, commercial law acts are essentially civil acts characterized by ideologies. Expression of will is the core of legal action. Especially in most cases of shareholder qualification dispute, the parties often do not have any formal elements, so they can only rely on whether the actor has the intention to become a shareholder. In this kind of cases, how to determine the content of substantive elements, how to prove the substantive elements, it is very important. In judicial practice, the use of the concept of "dormant shareholder" has always been confused. The reason for this phenomenon lies in the lack of a clear definition of the connotation and extension of dormant shareholders. In a strict sense, anonymous shareholders can only be produced on the basis of an agreement with explicit shareholders, and other shareholders only know the obvious shareholders. Therefore, there is a difference between the hidden shareholder and the false capital contribution, the nominal capital contribution, the fact shareholder. The category of the rights and obligations of the hidden shareholders and the way of exercising the rights and obligations of the hidden shareholders have their unique characteristics. The legal status of dormant shareholders should be different from the general shareholders of the company, and the use of hidden shareholders should be strictly restricted.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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