电子运输记录制度研究及对我国《海商法》修改的思考

发布时间：2018-03-20 13:33

本文选题：《鹿特丹规则》　切入点：电子运输记录　出处：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着海上国际货物运输业的发展，传统运输单证——提单的时代滞后性弱点在国际海上货物运输实务中逐渐暴露出来，由此给船货双方尤其是承运人带来了诸多海上货物运输交易问题和海商纠纷，其中承运人无单放货问题便是最典型、最常见的问题。与此同时，由于电子通讯特别是互联网技术的快速发展，这便为海上货物运输中的运输单证制度的发展与创新带来了制度启发和技术保障，电子单证制度随之产生并应势发展。在短短三十年的时间里，无论是海运实务界还是海商法领域学术界都为推动电子单证制度的发展进行了大量的努力和尝试。在诸多探索中最新的也是最为详尽的对电子单证制度作出法律性、权威性及可适用性确立的便是于2008年12月11日联合国第63届大会第67次会议通过的《联合国全程或部分海上国际货物运输合同公约》（简称《鹿特丹规则》）。《鹿特丹规则》将“电子运输记录”制度作为与提单具有同等地位的新的单证制度列入国际条约，并不惜笔墨详细的规定了对电子运输记录的操作运用，使得电子运输记录在法律层面上具有了可操作性也使得这一制度在未来的海运实务领域和司法实务领域为相关从业人员提供具有可预见性的指导规范。因此，近年来一些学者开始对电子运输记录制度进行研究，但是笔者注意到目前国内学者对电子运输记录的研究多限于对电子运输记录与传统运输单证的比较性研究或者是对电子运输记录的创新性意义的研究，鲜有对电子运输记录本身的深入研究以及对这一制度在实践中可能出现的问题的探讨。本文也正是在这样的时代背景和现实背景下，试图寻求对电子运输记录制度的深入探析。同时，，由于运输单证制度是海上货物运输关系以及与其相关的法律制度的重要组成部分甚至是核心内容，所以对运输单证制度的每一次调整和创新都必然对海商法领域带来巨大影响。而作为电子商务时代中电子单证制度创新的产物，电子运输记录制度能否逐渐被接受和广泛使用值得期待。我国《海商法》并没有有关电子单证的具体规定，因此为了顺应未来运输单证电子化的时代潮流，在将来修改《海商法》的时候也有必要对《鹿特丹规则》的电子运输记录制度进行吸收、借鉴。由此，正是从以上两个层次考虑出发，以对电子运输记录的研究和《海商法》修改为主题来写作此论文。本文分为两大部分共七章，第一大部分是第一至第六章的内容主要是对电子运输记录制度进行分析和探讨；第二大部分则是第七章的内容通过电子运输记录这一视角对我国《海商法》的修改进行思考。其中，第一章是“电子运输记录的概述”，主要是对电子运输记录以及相关概念进行介绍和分析；第二章是“电子运输记录的功能”，对电子运输记录所具有的三大功能进行论证；第三章是“电子运输记录的可转让性”，通过对电子运输记录的可转让性进行全面的论述，有助于更好的理解电子运输记录的功能，认识到电子运输记录的价值；第四章是“电子运输记录的使用”，本章并不是单纯介绍电子运输记录的使用流程，而是对其使用中的一些特殊规定以及可能出现的问题进行讨论；第五章是“电子运输记录的意义”，本章主要在于分析电子运输记录的价值及其优点；第六章是“关于电子运输记录的其他问题”，这里围绕着电子运输记录的质押和电子运输记录的结汇这两个非电子运输记录制度本身的问题稍加论述，使读者对电子运输记录在现代国际商务中的作用有个更广阔的了解。第七章是“对我国修改《海商法》的思考”，这一章构成了文章第二大部分，以电子运输记录为视角对我国《海商法》的修改进行分析。尽管本章并不是本文论述的重点而且所占篇幅也相对较少，但是笔者认为这部分内容对我国海运事业来讲具有重要的现实意义，同时通过对这一问题的探讨和分析也表明了笔者的研究角度和思维方式。总之，笔者希望通过这七章内容对电子运输记录制度在法律制度层面进行一个深入的分析，将对电子运输记录这一单一问题的研究由宏观引向微观。
[Abstract]:With the development of international maritime cargo transport industry, the traditional transport documents -- Bill of lading time lag of weakness in the practice of international carriage of goods by sea in gradually exposed, especially the carrier due to the conflict brought a lot of carriage of goods by sea trading and maritime disputes, the delivery of goods without bill of lading is the most typical, the most common problem at the same time, due to electronic communication, especially the rapid development of Internet technology, has brought inspiration and technical support system for the development and innovation of the maritime transport of goods transport documents system, electronic documents system should be created and potential development. In just thirty years, whether maritime practice or maritime law the academic circles have carried out a lot of effort and try to promote the development of the electronic document system. In many of the newest and most detailed Make law of electronic documents system, authoritative and applicable establishment is the United Nations whole or part of the contract for the international carriage of goods by Sea Convention "in December 11, 2008 sixty-third session of the United Nations General Assembly by the sixty-seventh meeting of the" (referred to as the "Rotterdam rules"). The Rotterdam rules "electronic transport records system has the same as the status of the new documents and bills of lading system included in the international treaties, and detailed provisions on the ink at the operation of electronic transport records, the electronic transport records on the legal aspects of operational also makes this system provide predictability guidelines for the relevant professionals in the field of maritime practice and future the field of judicial practice. Therefore, in recent years, some scholars began to study the system of electronic transport records, but the author noted that the current domestic scholars on electronic transport A comparative study on electronic transport records and traditional transport documents or is of innovative significance of the electronic transport records are mostly limited to the record study, rarely on the electronic transport records in-depth study and Discussion on the possible of this system in practical problems. This article is in this background and under the realistic background, trying to seek an in-depth study on the system of electronic transport records. At the same time, the transport document system is an important part of the relationship between the carriage of goods by sea and the related legal system and even the core content, so every time the adjustment and innovation of the system of transport documents were bound to the field of Maritime Law and a huge impact. As a product of the electronic document system of electronic commerce in the era of innovation, the record system of electronic transportation can be gradually accepted and widely used in our country. It is worth looking forward to the sea " Commercial Law > and there is no specific provisions relating to electronic documents, in order to conform to the trend of the future of electronic transport documents, in the future revision of the maritime law > when it is necessary to "Rotterdam rules" electronic transport records system for absorption, reference. Thus, it is from the above two levels of study the electronic transport records and "maritime law > as the theme for the writing of this paper. This paper is divided into two parts altogether seven chapters, the first part is the first to the sixth chapter is mainly to analyze and discuss the electronic transport records system; the second part is the seventh chapter of the content through the electronic transport records from the perspective of change on China's Maritime Law > < thinking. Among them, the first chapter is the overview of electronic transport records, mainly on the introduction and analysis of electronic transport records and related concepts; the second chapter is" The function of electronic transport records ", its three major functions of electronic transport records are proved; the third chapter is" the transfer of electronic transport records ", based on the electronic transport records can be comprehensively transferred and contribute to a better understanding of the function of electronic transport records, realize electronic transport records the value; the fourth chapter is" the use of "electronic transport records, this chapter not only introduces the electronic transport records the use of process, but some of the special provisions in use and possible problems are discussed; the fifth chapter is" the meaning of electronic transport records ", this chapter mainly lies in the value and advantages of electronic analysis transport records; the sixth chapter is" on other issues "electronic transport records, electronic transport records here around the pledge and electronic transport records the settlement of the two non electronic Transport records system itself the question a little discussion, so that readers of electronic transport records in modern international business in the role of a broader understanding. The seventh chapter is "the amendment of Chinese Maritime Law > < thinking" this chapter constitutes the second part, the electronic transport records from the perspective of changes to our country < > maritime law were analyzed. Although the focus of this chapter is not discussed in this paper and the space is relatively small, but I think that this part has important practical significance for China's shipping industry, at the same time, through the discussion and Analysis on this issue also shows the author's research angle and way of thinking. In short, I hope that through the seven chapters on the electronic transport records system carries on a thorough analysis on the legal system level, will study the problem of a single record of electron transport from macro to micro.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.294

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