市场规制法视域下的企业法律规制

发布时间：2018-03-21 11:56

本文选题：市场规制　切入点：企业法律形态　出处：《山东大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为市场经济活动中的最主要体这一,企业不仅具有平等民事主体身份,还具有经济法意义上的受规制与受调控主体身份。企业要想获得真正的市场主体身份,不仅要依靠民商法与企业法确立的平等主体地位与组织制度保障,而且还需要经济法借助国家权力所保证的公平、自由的市场竞争秩序。只有在保证市场具备公平竞争秩序的前提下企业等市场主体才能享受到真正的平等与自由。企业是为了通过生产经营赚取利润而进入市场的,获取利润最大化的欲望难免会促使一些不法企业采取不正当的竞争手段,夺取其他正当竞争者的利益,破坏市场正常运行秩序。虽然市场具有自身调节与配置资源的机制，，但是这种自发调节具有一定的局限性,在竞争机制发挥作用的同时,也会带来与之相随的垄断、外部性问题以及信息不对称等市场固有障碍。为了克服市场障碍.就需要市场规制法对企业等市场竞争主体的特定经济行为进行规制,解决市场不能自发调节的问题。因此,从市场规制的视域下研究对企业主体及其行为的规制问题,对企业的健康成长与市场经济的长远发展至关重要。从目前我国经济法的理论研究来看,市场规制法对企业的规制主要体现在对企业的市场准入与退出规制、产品质量规制、反垄断与反不正当竞争规制以及消费者权益保护规制等几个方面。但是从现行的市场规制立法上看,我国的市场规制法律制度还很不健全,对企业的市场规制立法也没有形成系统的规制体系。我国市场规制对企业的规制存在很多问题,从总体立法角度,虽然已经初步建立了由反垄断法规反不正当竞争法、产品质量法与消费者权益保护法构成的市场规制法律体系,但是由于没有统一的市场规制基本法,各项具体制度在立法与实施的过程中缺乏基本理论原则的指导,很多制度之间存在重复或者冲突,不能相互协调;从具体制度的立法与规制状况来看,各个领域都存在一些问题,比如企业形态的划分标准不统一、缺乏规范的市场准入与市场退出机制、对产品及服务等市场业务规制的不全面、欠缺竞争法基本理论与原则的指导、对消费者权益的保护没有严格的责任制度保障等等。导致这些问题产生的原因主要表现在:现行的企业制度改革不彻底使企业法律形态的划分缺乏统一标准;经济法主体制度不完备无法对企业主体进入市场至退出市场实施有效的监管;市场业务规制不成体系,仅依靠产品质量法无法保障消费者对产品的要求;外源式经济发展模式造成了我国竞争法其本理论欠缺;以及程序法和责任制度不到位使消费者权益无法真正实现等等。按照现代化与市场经济的发展道路来划分,我国属于外源式发展国家,市场经济体制与市场经济立法并不是在长期的发展过程中自然面然地形成的,缺乏深厚的理论沿革与长期的实践经验。因此,针对上述市场规制法中的企业法律规制存在的问题及其根本原因,在完善我国的市场规制立法过程中,有必要借鉴美国、德国、日本等市场经济制度发达国家的市场规制制规与基本理论原则。例如美国的市场准入制度、竞争法领域的合法原则以及规全的惩罚性赔偿制度,德国创产的一般条款加典型列举的反不正当竞争立法体例,以及日本的成功移植规验并结合基本国自身情况设置的垄断除外制度等,这些对规制经验对我国的企业市场规制体系的构建与完善具有重要的借鉴意义。建立完善系统的市场规制法视域下的企业法律制度,对我国企业的健康发展与市场经济的有序运作具有重要的意义。针对我国企业的市场规制所存在的问题,应当规范现有企业法律形态的划分标准,构建统一的企业规律形态体系,为投资都提供规范且多样化的选择。并在此基础上规定各个企业法律形态所需满足的市场准入与退出标准,建立对企业等市场主体从进入市场到退出市场的动态监管机制,同时规范企业产品和服务等市场业务的准入与退出制度。借鉴国外市场国家的合法原则、“一般条款”以及豁规除外制度来完善我国的竞争法基本原则与理论的建设加强经济法责任制度与各项具体制度之间的联系与配合,从而确保市场内流通产品的安全性与经营竞争行为的正当性,建立良好的市场秩序
[Abstract]:As the market economic activities in the main body of the enterprise, not only has the equal civil subject status, also has the economic law on the meaning of the regulation and control by the main identity. Enterprises want to obtain the real market subject identity, not only to rely on the dominant position of equality and organization guarantee system establishment of civil law and business law, and need of economic law by means of state power to guarantee fair and free market competition. Only in the market have to ensure fair competition order under the premise of enterprises and other market players to enjoy equality and freedom. The real enterprise is to earn profits through the production business to enter the market, profit maximization inevitably desire some unscrupulous companies to take unfair competition means to seize other legitimate competitors and disrupt the normal operation order of market. Although the market has its own tune The mechanism of festival and the allocation of resources, but the spontaneous adjustment has certain limitations, and play a role in the competition mechanism, will also bring along with monopoly, externality and information asymmetry market inherent obstacles. In order to overcome market barriers. The market regulation law requires specific economic behavior on the main enterprises in market competition the regulation of the market can not solve the problem of spontaneous adjustment. Therefore, research on the regulation of the enterprise and its behavior from the perspective of market regulation, is essential for the healthy growth of enterprises and market economy's long-term development.
From the current theoretical study of China's economic law, the regulation of enterprises market regulation law is mainly reflected in the market access of enterprises and exit regulation, quality regulation, antitrust and unfair competition regulation and several consumer protection regulation and so on. But from the current market regulation legislation, China the market regulation law system is not perfect, the market regulation system of enterprise has not formed the system of regulation system. There are many problems in China's regulation of market regulation of enterprises, from the perspective of the overall legislation, although initially established by the anti-monopoly regulations of the anti unfair competition law, product quality law and consumer protection law the market regulation law system, but because there is no unified market regulation law, the specific system lacks the basic theories and principles in the process of legislation and implementation of the guidance, There are many conflicts between the system or repeat, can not be coordinated; from the legislation and regulation of the specific system, every field has some problems, such as the division standard of the enterprises are not unified, lack of market access and market exit mechanism for products and services such as business market regulation is not comprehensive, the basic theory and principles the lack of competition law, protection of consumer rights is not the responsibility of guarantee system strictly and so on. The causes of these problems are mainly manifested in the current reform of the enterprise system is not completely partition the legal form of enterprises lack of unified standards; the subject of the economic law system is not perfect to the enterprise to enter the market to exit the market effectively regulation; market business regulation system, only rely on the product quality law cannot protect consumers on product requirements; exogenous economic development The model leads to the lack of the theory of competition law in China, and the inability of the procedural law and the responsibility system to make the consumer's rights and interests truly realized, and so on.
In accordance with the development of modernization and market economy division, our country belongs to the exogenous development state, market economic system and market economic legislation is not in the long-term development process automatically formed, lack of profound theoretical evolution and long-term experience. Therefore, in view of the existing legal regulation of the market regulation law. The problems and the reasons, in the perfection of the market regulation in the process of legislation, it is necessary to learn from the United States, Germany, Japan and other market regulation system. The system of market economy in developed countries such as the United States. With the basic theory of the principle of market access system, the system of punitive damages in the field of competition law and the legal principle of full compliance, Germany a production of general terms and lists the typical anti unfair competition legislation, as well as Japan's successful experience and combined with the basic rules of transplantation in their own situation in addition to monopoly The external system is of great significance to the construction and improvement of the regulatory system of the enterprise market in China.
The establishment and perfection of the market regulation law system from the perspective of the enterprise legal system, has an important significance to the healthy development of the market economy and orderly operation of enterprises in our country. Based on the existing market regulation of China's problem of enterprise division shall regulate the legal form of the existing enterprise standard system of enterprise, build a unified form of law, for investment is to provide standard and diversified choices. Shall meet the needs of market access legal form of various enterprises and exit criteria and on this basis, the establishment of the enterprise and other market players to withdraw from the market from the market to the dynamic supervision mechanism, access and to standardize enterprise products and services such as business and market exit system from the legal principle. Foreign markets, the general terms and regulations except exemption system to improve the construction of competition law basic principles and theories of our country to strengthen the economic responsibility system The relationship and coordination between degree and specific systems ensure the safety of products in circulation and the legitimacy of business competition behavior, and establish good market order.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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