关于FOB下托运人法律地位若干问题的研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 13:59

  本文选题：FOB贸易的卖方　切入点：托运人　出处：《上海海事大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 近几年,随着改革开放的不断深入,我国的FOB贸易逐年增多,因而关于FOB下的一些问题也日益显现出来,其中,最有代表性的无疑是“根据FOB贸易合同产生的国际海上货物运输中的托运人的法律地位”这个问题,而这个问题又主要集中在两个方面:第一,是否应该将FOB贸易的卖方视托运人;第二,无论是否将FOB贸易的卖方视托运人,FOB贸易的买卖双方在国际海上货物运输的整个环节应该承担怎样的权利和义务。 针对这个问题,我国《海商法》在制定的时候,出于种种原因和考虑,在其第42条第3项中赋予了FOB中卖方托运人的资格,却因此导致实践中各个部门产生了一系列的问题甚至混乱。例如,理论界对此颇有争议,而司法部门又不能形成统一的裁判,这又进一步加剧了航运中各方当事人的困惑和抱怨。 有鉴于此,笔者翻阅了国内外一些学者的著作以及国外的一些判例后认为,两种托运人的规定缺乏法理基础,而且制订的时候预见性不够。所以,不应把FOB中卖方视为托运人,而应该对其在海上运输中的法律定位重新定位。综合卖方在整个贸易和运输中的特点及作用来看,参考我国《民法通则》及《合同法》的立法规定,笔者以为:卖方交货给承运人的行为实际上是一种保管提存行为,即,卖方和承运人之间是保管提存法律关系。理由在于:第一,符合保管提存的概念及特点;第二,和法律规定并行不悖;第三,是“提单法律关系”理论的衍生。 笔者斗胆提出了一种全新的设想后,进一步研究了在这种假定的法律框架下几个在实践中比较常见的问题并提出了自己不成熟的观点。其中包括:提单记载问题;承运人听从指示的问题;托运人的识别问题;运输过程中FOB买卖方对承运人的权利问题;目的港无人提货时由谁承担责任的问题;承运人无单放货时该向谁承担责任以及承担什么责任的问题。 基于以上的分析,笔者对我国《海商法》的修改也提出了一点意见,目的是希望以立法的形式明确托运人的范围,同时对几种常见法律问题中的各方当事人的权利和责任进行确定,从而使之符合我国经济发展及航运实务的一般需要,符合商法确认交易顺利、可靠、安全的理念,方便国际贸易和航运实务中各有关当事人的商业运作。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the deepening of reform and opening up, China's FOB trade has been increasing year by year. Therefore, some problems about FOB are also emerging day by day, among which, There is no doubt that the most representative issue is "the legal status of shippers in the international carriage of goods by sea under the FOB trade contract", which is mainly focused on two aspects: first, Whether the seller of FOB trade should be regarded as shipper or not, whether the seller of FOB trade should be regarded as shipper or not, what rights and obligations should be assumed by the buyer and seller in the whole part of the international carriage of goods by sea. In order to solve this problem, when the Maritime Law of our country was formulated, for various reasons and considerations, the seller's shipper qualification was conferred on the FOB in Article 42 (3). This has led to a series of problems and even confusion in various departments in practice. For example, the theorists are quite controversial about this, and the judiciary cannot form a unified decision. This further exacerbated the confusion and complaints of the parties involved in shipping. In view of this, the author, after reading the works of some scholars at home and abroad and some foreign cases, thinks that the provisions of the two shippers lack a legal basis and are not formulated with sufficient foresight. The seller in FOB should not be regarded as a shipper, but should be repositioned in the legal position of the seller in maritime transport. In view of the characteristics and functions of the seller in the whole trade and transportation, Referring to the legislative provisions of China's General principles of Civil Law and contract Law, the author thinks that the seller's delivery to the carrier is actually an act of custody and deposit, that is, The legal relationship between seller and carrier lies in the following reasons: firstly, it conforms to the concept and characteristics of custody and deposit; second, it is compatible with the legal provisions; third, it is the derivation of the theory of "legal relationship of bill of lading". After putting forward a completely new idea, the author further studies several common problems in practice and puts forward his own immature viewpoints, including: the recording of bills of lading; The problem of the carrier obeying instructions; the problem of the identification of the shipper; the question of the rights of the FOB buyer and seller to the carrier in the course of carriage; the question of who is liable when the port of destination is not taken delivery; The question of to whom and to whom the carrier should be held responsible for the delivery of goods without documents. Based on the above analysis, the author also puts forward some opinions on the amendment of China's Maritime Law. The purpose is to clarify the scope of the shipper by way of legislation. At the same time, the rights and responsibilities of the parties involved in several common legal problems are determined to meet the general needs of China's economic development and shipping practice, and the commercial law to confirm the concept of smooth, reliable and safe transactions. Facilitate the commercial operation of the parties involved in international trade and shipping practice.
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D922.294

【引证文献】

中国博士学位论文全文数据库 前1条

1 余妙宏;海上货物运输合同中托运人法律制度研究[D];大连海事大学;2010年

中国硕士学位论文全文数据库 前6条

1 陈莉莉;论FOB卖方在海上货物运输下的利益保护[D];华东政法大学;2010年

2 于秀平;浅议目的港无人提货的法律问题[D];中国政法大学;2011年

3 周洁;单证托运人法律制度研究[D];大连海事大学;2011年

4 王玉德;我国《海商法》托运人识别及其权利义务研究[D];复旦大学;2011年

5 杨晶;《鹿特丹规则》下托运人义务强化之研究[D];大连海事大学;2010年

6 董蔚;我国海商法中托运人法律制度完善探究[D];中国政法大学;2010年

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本文编号：1644157