无船承运人若干法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 18:01

本文选题：无船承运人　切入点：法律地位　出处：《上海海事大学》2003年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：无船承运人，是指自己不经营或拥有船舶，但以承运人的身份接受托运人的货载，签发自己的提单或其他运输单证，向托运人收取运费，通过国际船舶运输经营者完成国际海上货物运输，承担承运人责任的国际海上运输经营者。无船承运人是货运代理人发展到一定阶段的产物。2002年1月1日生效的《国际海运条例》，首次在我国建立了无船承运业务管理制度。在此之前，由于无船承运人未能得到有效管理，缺乏相应的法律法规对无船承运人的法律地位进行界定，所以使海运市场在这个领域出现了比较混乱的状况。《国际海运条例》对无船承运业务经营者和业务活动作了比较全面的规定，建立了比较完备、独特的管理体系。本文以《国际海运条例》及相关法律法规为依托，结合无船承运业务的实践，对无船承运人这一新事物的相关行政和民事法律问题进行研究，以期对我国无船承运业务的发展及无船承运人相关制度的完善作出一些贡献。本文借鉴了《海商法大辞典》中“无船承运人”的相关规定，并结合无船承运的业务实践，加入笔者对无船承运业的认识与理解阐述了无船承运人的概念。并且比较了美国《1998年航运改革法》(OSRA1998)及我国《国际海运条例》关于无船承运人经营业务范围的规定，探讨了实践操作中无船承运人的五大经营业务。在此基础上，笔者针对学术界对无船承运人法律地位存在的承运人论和特别运输主体论两种观点，结合《汉堡规则》及我国《海商法》的相关规定，加入笔者的认识与理解阐明了无船承运人的法律地位。此外，在无船承运业务中，无船承运人一方面作为承运人接受托运人的货载，并签发自己的提单；另一方面，无船承运人又作为托运人向船公司订舱，与船公司签定运输合同，接受船公司签发的提单。这样，在无船承运业务的一次货物运输中就涉及到两份运输合同，涉及两份提单。与一般的班轮运输相比，无船承运业务中提单的流程较为繁琐，两套提单的存在形成了复杂的提单法律关系。本文第三章专章介绍了无船承运人提单的流转，并结合一起由上海海事法院审理的“上海M公司(是一贸易公司)诉香港KR公司(是一无船承运人)上海办事处无单放货”案介绍了无船承运人提单的操作使用，，探究了无船承运人提单的法律性质，并且介绍了上海航运交易所为配合《国际海运条例》的实施而指定的无船承运人范本提单。无船承运人所牵涉的众多问题中，另外一个同样倍受争议，为人们所普遍关注的当属无船承运人的责任承担问题。本文专章研究了无船承运人的责任及《海商法》第六十三条关于无船承运人与实际承运人承担连带责任时的情况，并且提出了两种可供选择的承担责任的保障:保证金制度和无船承运人责任保险制度。最后，鉴于无船承运制度是一新兴的制度，该项制度的确立势必对目前的货运市场带来一定的影响，笔者从短期和长期的角度对这一问题作出了分析并对该项制度的实施提出了一些个人的建议。
[Abstract]:NVOCC refers to their business or possession of the ship, but the identity of the carrier to accept the cargo of the shipper, issue its own bill of lading or other transport documents, collect freight from the shipper, through international shipping operators of international maritime transport of goods, undertake international maritime transport operators the carrier's responsibility.
NVOCC freight agent development to a certain stage of the product of.2002 came into effect in January 1st "international maritime regulations", for the first time in our country to establish the NVOCC business management system. Prior to this, the NVOCC failed to get effective management, the lack of the laws and regulations on the legal status of NVOCC are defined. So the shipping market in the field of the chaotic situation. International maritime regulations > made more comprehensive provisions of NVOCC and business activities, established a relatively complete management system. Based on the unique "international maritime regulations" and relevant laws and regulations as the basis, combined with the practice of NVOCC business, the Research on this new NVOCC related administrative and civil legal problems, in order to develop the NVOCC business in China and the related system of NVOCC Make some contributions to the improvement.
This paper draws on the "Maritime Law Dictionary >" NVOCC "of the relevant provisions, combined with the practice of NVOCC, join the author expounds the concept of NVOCC in understanding NVOCC industry. And compared the United States <1998 Shipping Reform Act > (OSRA1998) and China. International maritime regulations > on NVOCC business scope, discusses the practice of NVOCC operating in five business. On this basis, the author exist in the academic circle of NVOCC, the legal status of the carrier transport theory and special subject theory two views, combined with the relevant provisions of the Hamburg Rules and < > I < > in maritime law, the author clarifies the added knowledge and understanding of the legal status of NVOCC. In addition, in the business of NVOCC, NVOCC as a carrier to accept the cargo of the shipper, and sign out The bill of lading; on the other hand, NVOCC and as the shipper booking to the shipping company, sign the contract of carriage and shipping companies to accept the bill of lading issued by the shipping company. In this way, two contracts for transport involved in a transport of goods of NVOCC, involving two bills of lading. Compared with the general liner shipping, non vessel shipping business in the process of the bill of lading is complicated, the existence of two sets of bill of lading bill of lading complex legal relationship. The third chapter introduces the NVOCC bill of lading transfer, and combined with the trial by the maritime court of Shanghai "(Shanghai M company is a trading company of Hongkong KR company (v.) is a non vessel carrier) Shanghai Office of delivery of goods without the case introduced NVOCC bill of lading operation, explores the legal nature of NVOCC bill of lading, and introduced the Shanghai shipping exchange for international shipping" No ship carrier model bill of lading specified in the implementation of the regulations.
Among the many problems involved in the transport of people, the other is equally disputed, which is the most common concern of the people.
Take the responsibility of transport. This chapter studies the liability of maritime law and < > sixty-third off of NVOCC
In the case of joint and several liability between the NVOCC and the actual carrier, and two options are presented.
The guarantee of liability: the margin system and the non ship carrier liability insurance system. Finally, in view of the non ship carrier system is one
The new system, the establishment of the system is bound to bring a certain impact on the current freight market, the author from the short term and
A long-term perspective has been analyzed and some personal suggestions are made for the implementation of the system.

【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：D922.294;D996.19

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