论我国海事赔偿责任限制制度及立法完善

发布时间：2018-03-21 17:12

本文选题：海事诉讼特别程序法　切入点：责任限制基金　出处：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：英国著名法律改革家丹宁勋爵曾说：“责任限制制度并非法律问题,而是一项具有利益倾向性的海事公共政策。”海事赔偿责任限制的政策性涉及三个问题：历史起源；目前制度支撑的原因；未来发展趋势。首先,该制度的起源是基于海运业的重大的风险,为鼓励商人投资海运业,促进本国海运事业的发展而对船舶责任主体利益的政策性保护,其起源的政策性因素毋庸置疑。第二个问题的解决需要考量各国的海事赔偿责任限制制度史,就我国而言,该制度起步较晚,发展历程短,属于移植法律制度,因此在立法意图上受国际统一立法的影响较大。第三个问题,随着海上保险业的发展,该制度是否有继续在政策上倾向海运经营者的必要?本文意在从海事赔偿责任限制制度的政策性入手,强调海事赔偿责任限制制度设计的原则,即通过平衡海事事故各利害关系人的利益进行完善。该制度自地中海的《阿马斐表》起,已有近千年的发展史。经过上个世纪海事赔偿责任限制制度的的统一化趋势后,主要形成了三大国际公约,由于各国利益的分歧,对三大国际公约的认可程度不一,因此,各国在国内法上对海事赔偿责任限制制度的规定也各有不同。我国的《海商法》及《海事诉讼特别程序法》以1976年公约为蓝本,对该制度也做了相关规定,但是上有很多地方尚待补充和完善。本文针对我国海事赔偿责任限制制度中存在的问题进行了研究,主要分为五章。第一章介绍了海事赔偿责任限制制度的概念、产生原因、价值及历史发展,肯定了海事赔偿责任限制制度存在的价值。第二章对海事责任限制的三个主要国际公约进行介绍。第三章评析了我国海事赔偿责任限制制度的现状,主要包括实体和程序制度第四章分析了我国海事赔偿责任限制制度目前存在的缺陷,着重论述程序缺陷,包括责任限制程序的缺失、管辖混乱、确权之诉程序审理及基金设立程序中存在的责任限额及债权登记等几个问题。针对这些问题,本文首先通过对责任限制程序的定性分析,以及现行法律规定的程序都不能解决责任限制之诉的问题,引出对责任限制程序是否成立独立的确认之诉的讨论,目的在于通过对责任限制制度形成权的定性,为程序的合理设计指明方向,以保证实体权利的实现。第五章作者提出了海事赔偿责任限制制度的程序设计需坚持实体法与程序法相结合,普通程序与特别程序相结合的原则。本章提出了制定一套专门的海事赔偿责任限制程序的建议。
[Abstract]:Lord Denning, a famous British legal reformer, once said, "the limitation of liability is not a legal issue, but a public policy with an interest tendency." the policy of limitation of liability for maritime claims involves three issues: the origin of history; First of all, the origin of the system is based on the major risks of the shipping industry, in order to encourage businessmen to invest in the shipping industry, There is no doubt about the policy factors of the origin of the policy protection of the interests of the main body of ship liability in order to promote the development of the shipping industry in our country. The solution of the second problem needs to consider the history of the limitation system of maritime liability of various countries. As far as our country is concerned, The system starts relatively late and has a short history of development, so it belongs to the transplanted legal system, so it is greatly influenced by international uniform legislation in terms of legislative intent. The third problem, with the development of the marine insurance industry, Is there a need for the regime to continue to favour maritime operators in policy? This article intends to start with the policy of the limitation system of maritime claims liability, and emphasizes the principle of the design of the limitation system of maritime claims liability, that is, by balancing the interests of all interested parties in maritime accidents. After the unification of the liability limitation system for maritime claims in 0th century, three major international conventions were formed, due to the differences of interests of various countries. The degree of approval of the three major international conventions is different, therefore, the provisions of the limitation system of maritime claims liability in the domestic law are different. The Maritime Law and the Special procedure Law of Maritime Proceedings of our country are based on the 1976 Convention. The system has also made relevant provisions, but there are many areas to be supplemented and improved. This paper studies the problems existing in the limitation system of maritime claims liability in China, which is divided into five chapters. The first chapter introduces the concept, causes, value and historical development of the limitation system of maritime claims liability, and affirms the value of the limitation system of maritime claims liability. Chapter two introduces the three main international conventions on the limitation of maritime liability. The third chapter analyzes the current situation of the limitation system of maritime claims liability in China, mainly including the substantive and procedural system. The fourth chapter analyzes the defects of the limitation system of maritime claims liability in our country, focusing on the procedural defects, including the lack of liability limitation procedures and the confusion of jurisdiction. There are several problems such as limitation of liability and registration of creditor's rights in the procedure of suing and establishing fund. In view of these problems, this paper firstly analyzes the procedure of limitation of liability qualitatively. And the procedure provided by the current law can not solve the problem of liability limitation litigation, which leads to the discussion of whether the liability limitation procedure is an independent confirmation action, the purpose of which is to define the right to form the liability limitation system. In order to ensure the realization of substantive rights, it points out the direction for the reasonable design of the program. In Chapter 5th, the author points out that the procedure design of the limitation system of maritime liability should insist on the combination of substantive law and procedural law. The principle of combining ordinary procedures with special procedures. This chapter proposes a special procedure for limiting liability for maritime claims.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.294

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