关于国际货物买卖合同之若干提单纠纷研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 19:29

  本文选题：海商法　切入点：提单　出处：《中国海洋大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：国际贸易是一张由合同组成的网,一项最普通的国际贸易,一般也会涉及到货物买卖、货物运输及信用证等合同。在这些合同中,买卖合同可以说是整个交易的中心,海上货物运输合同和信用证合同在一定程度上都是为国际货物买卖服务的,它们的内容深受买卖合同具体规定的影响,买卖合同中对提单的要求是其他环节对提单要求的基础。正是由于有了被称之为国际贸易与航运载体的提单的存在,才使得货物买卖合同、货物运输合同及信用证合同在海运实务中紧密地交织在一起,与提单有关的各种纠纷也因之跨越了海上运输的范畴,深入到国际货物买卖,甚至自始至终贯穿整个国际贸易的全程。但是,货物买卖合同、货物运输合同、信用证合同在实践中又是各自独立的合同,它们在法律适用、业务操作规程、主体客体等方面都各不相同。正是由于它们在理论和实践中既紧密联系又各自独立的矛盾,导致了各种提单纠纷的不断产生和日益复杂化。 本文以实践中大量存在并且都与国际货物买卖合同的内容密切相关的提单批注纠纷、预借、倒签提单纠纷、无单放货纠纷、海运保函纠纷及滞期费纠纷为研究对象,借鉴英国、美国、日本、法国、德国、韩国、台湾等国家和地区的有关提单立法,结合国际公约、国际惯例的相关规定,以我国《海商法》、《民法通则》、《合同法》等有关法律以及司法解释的具体规定为基础,运用大量的中外典型案例,从国际货物买卖合同的具体规定入手,对上述纠纷产生的原因、学术界存在的各种观点、纠纷的具体表现以及纠纷的防范措施等方面,在总结、吸收前人研究成果的基础上,从理论与实践两个方面做了深入细致地研究与分析。经过系统地理论研究和大量的案例分析,笔者得出了如下结论:在从事法理研究或立法工作时,人们可以将“货物买卖”、“海上运输”、“信用证”等法律关系作为各自相对独立的一个领域去进行研究或制定法律规范,但是,在解决基于海上运输产生的纠纷与矛盾时,仅仅适用“海上货物运输”一方面的法律则很难达到客观公正的结果。因此,在司法实践中,我们不应该拘泥于传统观点,而应该把在海上货物运输过程中产生的提单纠纷放在整个国际贸易流程中去认识与把握,将相关的贸易因素加以考虑作为确定责任方与衡量当事方责任的依据之一,把各有关法律规定对应、衔接起来,仔细研究分析并确定所适用的法律。只有这样,才能达到司法公正与审判便利的目的,才能有助于
[Abstract]:International trade is a network of contracts, one of the most common international trade, which generally involves contracts such as the sale of goods, the carriage of goods and letters of credit. In these contracts, the contract of sale can be said to be the center of the whole transaction. To a certain extent, contracts for the carriage of goods by sea and letters of credit serve the international sale and purchase of goods, and their contents are greatly influenced by the specific provisions of the contract of sale and purchase. The requirement of bill of lading in the contract of sale and purchase is the basis of other aspects of the demand for bill of lading. It is precisely because of the existence of the bill of lading, which is called the carrier of international trade and shipping, that the contract for the sale of goods is made. The contract of carriage of goods and the contract of letter of credit are closely intertwined in the practice of maritime transportation. As a result, all kinds of disputes related to bills of lading have also crossed the scope of maritime transport and gone deep into the international sale of goods. Even throughout the entire international trade process. However, contracts for the purchase and sale of goods, contracts for the carriage of goods and contracts for letter of credit are separate contracts in practice, which are applicable to the law, operating rules for business, The subject and object are all different from each other. It is precisely because of their contradiction in theory and practice that they are not only closely linked but also independent, which leads to the continuous emergence and complication of various bills of lading disputes. In this paper, a lot of disputes about endorsement of bill of lading, advance borrowing, reverse signing of bill of lading, shipping guarantee and demurrage, which exist in practice and are closely related to the contents of international contracts for the sale of goods, are taken as the research objects, and the United Kingdom is used for reference. The relevant bill of lading legislation of the United States, Japan, France, Germany, South Korea, Taiwan and other countries and regions, combined with the relevant provisions of international conventions and international practices, Based on China's Maritime Law, General principles of Civil Law, contract Law and other relevant laws and the specific provisions of judicial interpretation, and using a large number of Chinese and foreign typical cases, starting with the specific provisions of the international contract for the sale of goods, the causes of the above disputes are discussed. On the basis of summing up and absorbing the previous research results, the academic circles have all kinds of viewpoints, the concrete manifestation of disputes and the preventive measures of disputes, and so on. Through systematic theoretical research and a large number of case studies, the author draws the following conclusions: in the legal research or legislative work, People can study the legal relations of "goods sale", "maritime transport", "letter of credit" as a relatively independent field to study or formulate legal norms. However, in resolving disputes and conflicts arising from maritime transport, The application of the law on the one hand of "carriage of goods by sea" alone is difficult to achieve objective and impartial results. Therefore, in judicial practice, we should not stick to traditional views. Instead, the bill of lading disputes arising in the course of the carriage of goods by sea should be recognized and grasped in the whole international trade process, and the relevant trade factors should be considered as one of the bases for determining the liability of the responsible party and measuring the liability of the party concerned. All relevant laws and regulations should be matched, linked up, carefully studied and analyzed, and the applicable law determined. Only in this way, can the purposes of judicial justice and judicial convenience be achieved, and only in this way can they help
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D99

【引证文献】

中国硕士学位论文全文数据库 前2条

1 李研;倒签提单法律性质研究[D];南昌大学;2010年

2 文丽;海运提单批注的法律研究[D];华东政法大学;2011年

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本文编号：1659706