船舶污染内河水域损害赔偿若干法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 03:15

本文选题：内河船舶　切入点：生态损害评估　出处：《大连海事大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着国家对内河航运的重视和扶持,内河航道通行的船只越来越多,而且船舶类型与前几年相比也呈现多样化趋势。与此同时,船舶给内河水域带来的污染事件逐年递增,包括日常性污染和事故性污染,对水体造成了极大的破坏,甚至影响了沿岸居民的生活。我国现有法律体制对船舶污染内河水域损害赔偿还没有具体规定,海事实践中缺少法律层面的支撑,因此,本文主要从船舶污染内河水域,造成损害后,如何进行损害赔偿角度展开论述。本文主要从法律角度,采用实证分析、比较分析研究方法,在法理学、法哲学、法经济学、侵权法和环境保护法理论基础上,对船舶污染内河水域损害赔偿进行研究。首先对我国现有的船舶污染内河水域损害赔偿体系的若干争议焦点进行概述,主要分析污染内河水域船舶的范围,民事赔偿,生态损害评估程序,责任限制,损害赔偿责任分散方式。文章通过以上几章的分析、比较、总结,得出了如下几个观点：在内河海事法律体系中,船舶的外延比《海商法》适用的船舶范围要宽,适用的船舶种类较繁杂;在生态损害评估过程中,通过“生境等价分析”和水域纳污能力计算方法,计算对比水域被污染前的纳污能力和污染后纳污能力,对受污染的水体损害进行评估,进而得到应采取的有效的生态恢复措施以及实施其所需要的费用；船舶污染内河水域损害赔偿中,船舶所有人也应该享有责任限制；在船舶污染内河水域赔偿责任分散方式上,应主要从责任保险和综合性生态损害补偿机制上入手,完善内河海事体系。
[Abstract]:With the attention and support of the country to inland river navigation, more and more vessels are passing along inland waterways, and the types of ships are also showing a trend of diversification compared with previous years. At the same time, the pollution incidents brought by ships to inland waters are increasing year by year. Including daily pollution and accidental pollution, they have caused great damage to water bodies and even affected the lives of coastal residents. There are no specific provisions in the existing legal system of our country for compensation for damage to inland waters polluted by ships. There is a lack of legal support in maritime practice. Therefore, this paper mainly discusses how to carry out damage compensation after ships pollute inland river waters and cause damage. This article mainly from the legal angle, uses the demonstration analysis, the comparative analysis research method, in the jurisprudence, the legal philosophy, the law economics, the tort law and the environmental protection law theory foundation, In this paper, the author studies the compensation for damage caused by ship polluted inland waters. Firstly, it summarizes some controversial points in the existing system of compensation for damage caused by ship pollution in inland waters in China, mainly analyzes the scope of ships polluting inland waters, civil compensation, and so on. Ecological damage assessment procedure, limitation of liability, and dispersion of liability for damages. Through the analysis, comparison and summary of the above chapters, this paper draws the following points of view: in the inland waterway maritime law system, the extension of ships is wider than that of ships applicable to the Maritime Law, and the types of ships applicable are more complicated; In the process of ecological damage assessment, through the "habitat equivalent analysis" and the calculation method of water pollution absorption capacity, the pollution absorption capacity before and after pollution is calculated and compared, and the polluted water body damage is evaluated. In order to obtain the effective ecological restoration measures to be taken and the costs required to implement them; in the compensation for damage caused by ships polluting inland waters, the shipowners should also enjoy the limitation of liability; and in the way of dispersion of liability for the pollution of inland waters by ships, We should start with liability insurance and comprehensive ecological damage compensation mechanism to perfect inland river maritime system.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.68

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