船舶优先权法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 11:55

本文选题：船舶优先权　切入点：海事请求　出处：《北京工商大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文是对海商法理论与实务的研究,对船舶优先权法律问题作了论述。船舶优先权是海商法园地的一朵奇芭,是船舶物权中争议最多的领域,始终令人产生兴趣。就我国而言,对船舶优先权制度进行比较研究者尚属少见,船舶优先权的性质、特征、标的、项目、行使等理论和实务问题需要予以明确和澄清。本文对船舶优先权的研究,不再局限于我国立法和学理的范畴,不再局限于对基础理论的研究,而是深入比较分析各国海商法和国际公约关于船舶优先权的规定,以之为标尺反思我国《海商法》相关条款,力争指出其中问题,提出完善建议。本文主要采取比较分析的研究方法,包括各国立法合理性的比较、学者观点的比较、各方利益轻重的比较等。第一部分,船舶优先权一般问题比较研究。第一章首先从研究船舶优先权的历史演进入手,接着分析了船舶优先权的特征,并区分两大法系考察船舶优先权的性质,最后指出我国《海商法》中的船舶优先权是特殊的担保物权。第二部分,船舶优先权具体制度比较研究。该部分分为三章,分别研究船舶优先权的标的、项目、行使。第二章讨论船舶优先权的标的,在立法比较和学理研究的基础上,提出应根据各国实践确定标的范围,并对标的进行了逐项分析。第三章讨论船舶优先权的项目,首先进行了立法比较,在对项目进行逐项分析的基础上,分别研究了不同项目和同一项目之间的受偿顺序。第四章讨论船舶优先权的行使,在立法比较的基础上,总结出行使程序的四种模式,提出行使期间为特殊的除斥期间,比较了行使船舶优先权和行使海事请求的区别,指出行使船舶优先权并非债权人保全债权的最佳模式。第三部分,完善我国《海商法》船舶优先权的建议。第五章首先分析了修改我国海商法船舶优先权的必要性,指出我国相关立法过于超前。接着以第一和第二部分的研究为基础,提出修改建议:扩大我国船舶优先权的标的范围、重新界定我国船舶优先权的项目、船舶优先权应当通过法院扣押产生优先权的船舶或在有关程序中进行债权登记来行使,船舶优先权的行使期间,不得中止或中断,但法律不允许扣留或扣押船舶的期间不得计算在内。自船舶优先权产生之日起一年不行使,则船舶优先权消灭。海商法研究具有极强的实践性,囿于笔者学识和阅历所限,深感许多问题的理论及实践难度,因此本文难免有不足和稚嫩之处。
[Abstract]:This paper studies the theory and practice of maritime law and discusses the legal problems of maritime liens. Maritime lien is one of the most controversial fields in maritime law field. It is always interesting. In our country, it is rare to compare the maritime lien system, and the nature of maritime lien. The research on maritime liens in this paper is no longer confined to the scope of legislation and theory of our country, and is no longer confined to the study of basic theory. It is to compare and analyze the maritime law and the provisions of international convention on maritime lien, to reflect on the relevant articles of Maritime Law of our country, to point out the problems, and to put forward some suggestions to improve the maritime lien. This article mainly adopts the comparative analysis research method, including the comparison of the legislation rationality of various countries, the comparison of scholars' views, the comparison of the interests of all parties and so on. The first chapter begins with the historical evolution of maritime liens, then analyzes the characteristics of maritime liens, and distinguishes the nature of maritime liens between the two legal systems. Finally, it points out that maritime lien is a special security interest in Maritime Law of China. The second part, the comparative study of the specific system of maritime lien, which is divided into three chapters, respectively, studies the subject matter, items and exercise of maritime lien. Chapter two discusses the subject matter of maritime lien, on the basis of legislative comparison and theoretical research. It is proposed that the scope of the subject matter should be determined according to the practice of various countries, and the subject-matter should be analysed item by item. Chapter three discusses the items of maritime liens. First, the legislative comparison is made, and on the basis of the item-by-item analysis of the items, Chapter four discusses the exercise of maritime liens. On the basis of comparison of legislation, four modes of exercise procedure are summarized, and it is proposed that the period of exercise is a special period of exclusion. This paper compares the difference between the exercise of maritime lien and the exercise of maritime claims, and points out that the exercise of maritime lien is not the best mode for creditors to preserve their claims. The fifth chapter analyzes the necessity of modifying maritime law maritime lien. The author points out that the relevant legislation of our country is too advanced. Then, based on the research in the first and second parts, the author puts forward some suggestions: to expand the scope of the subject matter of maritime liens in China, and to redefine the items of maritime liens in China. The maritime lien shall be exercised through the arrest by the court of the ship producing the lien or the registration of claims in the relevant proceedings, and shall not be suspended or interrupted during the exercise of the maritime lien, However, the period during which the detention or arrest of a ship is not permitted by law shall not be taken into account. A maritime lien shall be extinguished if it is not exercised for one year from the date of the generation of the maritime lien. The study of maritime law is very practical, limited by the author's knowledge and experience, and deeply feels the theoretical and practical difficulties of many problems. Therefore, this paper is inevitably deficient and immature.
【学位授予单位】：北京工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D922.294

【参考文献】