船舶优先权的理论和运用

发布时间：2018-03-29 22:25

本文选题：船舶优先权　切入点：担保物权　出处：《上海海事大学》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：船舶优先权是各国海商法均予承认的一项法律制度，对衡平海事债权人之间的利益关系，具有难以替代的作用。然而由于船舶优先权在各国的历史沿革不同，在具体的理论和实践中亦存在较大的差异，这与各国海上交往的日趋密切形成了尖锐的冲突。本文第一章以各国普遍接受的船舶优先权的特征为出发点，提出船舶优先权的一般概念。通过阐述船舶优先权的起源和基础理论，比较英美法系中的对物诉讼制度和大陆法系中的对人诉讼的巨大差异在其中的影响，以及船舶优先权的现状等问题，支持了船舶优先权制度进一步国际统一趋势的可能性的观点。最后通过比较船舶优先权性质的各种学说，，将船舶优先权界定为特殊的担保物权。本文第二章提出“船舶优先权法律关系”这一名词，以人、而不是以船为中心来对相关问题进行研究，从而完整地将船舶优先权纳入我国民法领域，从根本上便于读者对船舶优先权制度的理解。由于研究角度的不同，能够带出一些相关的问题，如主体认定对船舶优先权所能够产生的影响，主体的变化对船舶优先权的影响等，而这些问题都是长期被理论研究所忽视的，同时也是英美法系对物诉讼理论正在反省的。第三章承接第二章对船舶优先权的产生、变更和消灭进行分析，并着重考查船舶优先权的转让和代位中存在的问题。通过介绍美国法中对船舶优先权转让主体的限制，引出对完善我国《海商法》相关条文的建议。对于船舶优先权在行使过程的问题，本文第四章选择对如行使船舶优先权和行使海事请求权的关系，船舶优先权行使的方式以及时效对船舶优先权行使的影响等问题给予一定的关注，对于我国《海商法》相关的条文作出解释和评价，目的在于能够使船舶优先权人对于自己的程序权利有充分的认识，从而更好地保护自己的权利。秘密性是船舶优先权最与众不同的一点。正因为船舶优先权是这样一种隐而不显的海上特权，它对其他债权人极为不利，其中又以对船舶抵押权人的影响最大。为了平衡船舶优先权与船舶抵押权人的利益，国际乃至国内的学者提出各种方式来限制船舶优先权，但远未达到理想效果。船舶优先权和船舶抵押权之间的冲突能否缓解，以怎样方式缓解都是有关船舶优先权研究的最前沿问题。作者在第五章中首先对国内学者主张的船舶优先权信息公开制度进行评价，然后在提出船舶优先权登记制度的必要性和可行性研究，目的在于促进国内在该领域的讨论和研究的深入，为从根本上消除船舶优先权的负作用作出尝试。
[Abstract]:Maritime lien is a legal system recognized by the maritime law of various countries, which plays an irreplaceable role in balancing the interests of maritime creditors. However, the history of maritime liens varies from country to country. There are also great differences in theory and practice, which has formed a sharp conflict with the increasingly close communication between various countries at sea. In the first chapter, based on the generally accepted characteristics of maritime liens in various countries, the general concept of maritime liens is put forward. By expounding the origin and basic theory of maritime liens, Comparing the influence of the great differences in the action in rem between the common law system and the civil law system, and the current situation of maritime liens, etc. Finally, by comparing the nature of maritime liens, the maritime liens are defined as special security interests. In the second chapter, the author puts forward the term "legal relationship of maritime liens", which focuses on people, not ships, in order to bring maritime liens into the field of civil law in China. It is easy for readers to understand the maritime lien system fundamentally. Because of the different research angle, it can bring out some related problems, such as the influence of the subject identification on the maritime lien. The influence of the change of the subject on the maritime lien is ignored by the theoretical research for a long time, and it is also the reflection of the Anglo-American law system on the theory of action in rem. The third chapter carries on the second chapter to carry on the analysis to the generation, the change and the annihilation of the maritime liens, and emphatically examines the problems existing in the transfer and subrogation of the maritime liens. Some suggestions on perfecting the relevant articles of Maritime Law of China are put forward. As for the problem of maritime lien in the process of exercise, the fourth chapter of this paper chooses the relationship between the exercise of maritime lien and the exercise of maritime claim. The mode of maritime lien and the influence of limitation on maritime liens are paid attention to, and the relevant articles in Maritime Law of our country are explained and evaluated. The purpose is to make the maritime liens have a full understanding of their procedural rights and thus better protect their rights. Secrecy is one of the most distinctive aspects of maritime liens. Precisely because maritime liens are such an implicit and invisible privilege at sea, they are extremely detrimental to other creditors, In order to balance the interests of the mortgagee and the maritime lien, international and even domestic scholars put forward various ways to restrict the maritime lien. But far from achieving the desired results. Can the conflict between maritime liens and ship mortgages be alleviated, In the fifth chapter, the author first evaluates the publicity system of maritime lien information advocated by domestic scholars. The necessity and feasibility study of a maritime lien registration system is then proposed, with a view to facilitating domestic discussions in this area. In order to eliminate the negative effect of maritime lien fundamentally.
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D912.29

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