市民社会是中国走向法治的基础

发布时间：2018-03-29 22:30

本文选题：市民社会　切入点：法治　出处：《西安科技大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：“依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家”已成为时代的要求和社会发展的必然趋势。对于如何建设法治国家,学者们众说纷纭。为了探寻中国的法治之路,笔者进行了本课题的研究。论文第一部分,笔者提出了问题,即什么样的社会才能为法治提供生存环境。介绍了国内外对本课题的研究情况和本文研究的思路、方法、意义及创新。论文第二部分,笔者经过实事求是的论证和历史的、逻辑的分析之后,认为法治的载体是市民社会。正是由于市民社会特殊的结构和特征,使其具备了其他社会所不具有的法治功能,从而为法治发展提供了多元化的社会基础。市民社会塑造出自由的社会个体,他们走出血缘和地缘的藩篱进行广泛的社会交往,自由和平等也就成为了人们追求的目的,并体现在公民意识之中从而内化为法治的精神;市民社会里形成的冲突和矛盾需要整合,在冲突——整合的无限循环中,为社会提供了原生性规则秩序。并且不断促使法律形式化,使法治的手段不断科学、合理;在市民社会里,人们对自身的权利才会格外关注,对自己的独立性要求更加强烈,法治的基本内容也才能真正得以体现。因此,市民社会是法治生存的土壤,是法治的载体。论文第三部分,笔者对市民社会与法治的关系进行了实证分析。西方法治的形成主要有两方面的影响,第一,城市的兴起和城市法的产生;第二,以商人为主体的市民阶级的作用和商法的产生。总之,西方法治的发展是随着其市民社会的发展而发展的。中国,在建国前由于小农经济、宗法制和皇权专制及伦理文化市民社会无法形成;在建国后由于计划经济、集权政治、一元文化和单位制度市民社会难以形成。由此导致了法治的难产。法治在中西方社会中不同的历史命运说明,法治要想产生、生存就必须深深地扎根于市民社会的土壤之中。西方法治之所以自下而上逐渐演进,是由于其法治的发展拥有深厚的社会底蕴,从而表现出足够的持续性和稳定性,而由国家掌控一切,以国家为中心的法治极易受到外部因素的干扰和影响而偏离其正常运行轨道。因此,笔者得出结论,市民社会是中国走向法治的基础。论文第四部分,笔者从市场经济、政治体制、结社自由、公共领域和个人主义五个
[Abstract]:"governing the country according to law and building a socialist country ruled by law" has become the requirement of the times and the inevitable trend of social development. Scholars have different opinions on how to build a country ruled by law. The author has carried on the research of this subject. In the first part of the paper, the author puts forward the question, that is, what kind of society can provide the living environment for the rule of law, and introduces the research situation of this subject at home and abroad and the train of thought, method, significance and innovation of this research. In the second part of the paper, the author thinks that the carrier of the rule of law is the civil society, which is due to the special structure and characteristics of the civil society, after practical and realistic argumentation and historical and logical analysis. It has the function of the rule of law which other societies do not have, thus providing a pluralistic social foundation for the development of the rule of law. The civil society molds free social individuals, and they go out of the blood and geographical barriers to conduct extensive social contacts. Freedom and equality have become the purpose of people's pursuit, and embodied in the civic consciousness and thus internalized into the spirit of the rule of law; the conflicts and contradictions formed in the civil society need to be integrated, in the endless cycle of conflict-integration, It provides the order of the original rules for the society, and constantly promotes the formalization of the law, making the means of the rule of law more scientific and reasonable. In the civil society, people pay special attention to their rights and demand their independence more strongly. Therefore, the civil society is the soil of the rule of law and the carrier of the rule of law. In the third part of the thesis, the author makes an empirical analysis of the relationship between civil society and the rule of law. The formation of the western rule of law has two main effects: first, the rise of cities and the emergence of urban law; second, In short, the development of the rule of law in the West was accompanied by the development of its civil society. China, before the founding of the people's Republic, was due to the small-scale peasant economy. The patriarchal system and imperial autocracy and ethical culture could not be formed. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, due to planned economy, centralization of power, It is difficult to form a unitary culture and a civil society with a unit system. This has led to the difficulty of the rule of law. The different historical destinies of the rule of law in Chinese and Western societies show that the rule of law is to be produced. Survival must be deeply rooted in the soil of civil society. The reason for the gradual evolution of the rule of law in the West from the bottom up is that the development of the rule of law has a profound social heritage, thus showing sufficient continuity and stability. The rule of law, which is controlled by the state, is easily disturbed and influenced by external factors and deviates from its normal running track. Therefore, the author concludes that civil society is the foundation for China to move towards the rule of law. The fourth part of the paper, the author from the market economy, political system, freedom of association, the public sphere and individualism five
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D920.0

【引证文献】