论港口经营人责任限制制度

发布时间：2018-03-31 14:18

本文选题：港口经营人　切入点：责任限制　出处：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着现代海运业的发展，港口经营人作为港口这一海陆中转终端的经营管理者，逐渐成为独立的法律主体，在海运业尤其是国际海运业中扮演着重要角色。而在这样的过程中也出现了一系列的法律问题，其中较为突出的便是港口经营人能否享有类似承运人的责任限制。这个问题在相当长的时间内主要表现为港口经营人在承担赔偿责任时，试图通过援引喜马拉雅条款来享受承运人的责任限制权利，这样的做法在海商法学界引起了广泛争议和讨论，在国内外的司法实践中也出现了不同观点的判决。本文试图站在港口经营人与承运人比较的角度，通过对港口经营人责任限制问题的若干要素进行分析，来论证港口经营人是否应当享有或享有怎样的责任限制。本文共分为七章：第一章：对相关概念进行明晰，主要是界定港口经营人的定义。第二章：对港口经营人责任限制问题的文献及国内研究状况做了概要介绍，，并介绍该问题相关的国际公约及国内立法沿革。第三章：论证港口经营人责任限制立法的必要性，认为有必要赋予港口经营人责任限制之权利。第四章：分析对港口经营人责任限制问题进行法律规制的两种方式，即与承运人实行相同的责任限制（简称“统一责任限制”）以及实行区别于承运人的独立责任限制（简称“独立责任限制”），并对典型国家的相关立法状况做了介绍。第五章：从与承运人比较的角度，分析港口经营人责任限制立法中应当考虑的若干因素，包括：港口经营人的风险特征、经济分析和立法成本三个方面。第六章：对实行统一责任限制和实行独立责任限制的利弊分别做了分析，笔者认为，通过喜马拉雅条款的扩大适用实行统一责任限制不易适应我国的法律环境，在合理性上也有欠缺；通过采用大海运概念调整港口经营人责任限制牵涉问题过多，成本过大，笔者并不赞同；而实行独立责任限制较符合港口经营人的风险和经济特征，能够与我国现有的航运法律相融合，立法成本也相对可控，笔者认为比较可取。第七章：对本文的观点做了总结，并在此基础上提出了立法建议。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern shipping industry, the port operator, as the management manager of the port, the terminal of land and sea, has gradually become an independent legal subject. Plays an important role in the shipping industry, especially in the international shipping industry. In this process, a series of legal problems have arisen. The more prominent problem is whether the port operator can enjoy the limitation of liability similar to that of the carrier, which is mainly manifested in the fact that the port operator is assuming liability for compensation for a long time. The attempt to enjoy the carrier's limitation of liability by invoking the Himalayan clause has caused extensive controversy and discussion in the field of maritime law, and has also led to different opinions in judicial practice at home and abroad. From the point of view of comparing the port operator with the carrier, this paper attempts to analyze some elements of the limitation of the liability of the port operator to demonstrate whether or not the port operator should enjoy or enjoy the liability limitation. This paper is divided into seven chapters:. Chapter one: the definition of port operator is defined. Chapter two introduces the literature and domestic research on the limitation of the liability of port operators, and introduces the relevant international conventions and the history of domestic legislation. The third chapter demonstrates the necessity of the legislation of the limitation of the liability of the port operator, and considers that it is necessary to grant the right to the limitation of the liability of the port operator. Chapter four: analyze the two ways to regulate the limitation of the liability of the port operator. That is, the same limitation of liability as the carrier ("uniform limitation of liability") and the limitation of independent liability different from the carrier ("limitation of independent liability"), and the introduction of the relevant legislation of typical countries. Chapter five: from the point of view of comparing with the carrier, this paper analyzes several factors that should be considered in the legislation of limitation of liability of port operators, including: risk characteristics of port operators, economic analysis and legislative costs. Chapter six: the author analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of implementing unified liability limitation and independent liability limitation respectively. The author thinks that it is not easy to adapt to the legal environment of our country through the extension of Himalayan clause. By adopting the concept of large sea transportation to adjust the limitation of port operator's liability, the author does not agree with the problem that the limitation of port operator's liability is too much and the cost is too large. The implementation of independent liability restriction is more in line with the risk and economic characteristics of the port operator. The author thinks that the legislation cost is relatively controllable because it can be integrated with the existing shipping laws in our country. Chapter 7: summarize the viewpoint of this paper, and put forward the legislative suggestion on this basis.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.19;D922.294

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