金康合同的若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 15:46

本文选题：金康合同　切入点：条款解释与适用　出处：《上海海事大学》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：航次租船实践中船货双方经常采用国际通用的标准格式合同范本作为谈判的基础，名气最大、使用最多的是由国际著名的船东组织——波罗的海国际航运公会(BIMCO)制定并推出的金康(GENCON)标准合同。在亚洲，金康合同的使用频率非常高，而在中国，进出口业务中的航次租船，更是一直使用金康合同。金康合同最早于1922年制定，伴随着航运实践的不断发展，该合同的内容也在不断地修改完善，目前实务中采用比较广泛的是1976年和1994年的合同格式。国际上没有统一的调整航次租船的国际公约，当事人以金康格式为基础订立合同的过程充分体现了缔约自由原则和当事人的缔约水平，同时也带来了很多的争议。由于历史的原因，多数有关金康合同的争议都在英美国家的仲裁机构和法院解决，所以研究金康合同就必须研究这些案例，通过对这些案例的研究，探寻蕴含于其中的英美合同法的精髓，提炼和总结出其中包含的合同解释的原则和方法，可以提高我国的合同研究水平和立法水平，特别是可以填补我国合同法中的一些理论空白，为我国法院和仲裁机构的判决和仲裁提供参考，也为我国将来修订《海商法》和《合同法》提供借鉴。本篇论文通过研究金康合同的具体条款，进而阐释其正确的含义，消除应用中的歧义，指出该合同在使用的过程中可能会产生的问题、带来的风险，从而为中国从事租船实务以及国际贸易的人士提供有益的帮助，使他们在实务操作中，正确、合理的使用金康合同，尽量争取对自己有利的条款，在同外国的公司交易的时候规避风险，创造效益。本篇论文重点研究以下重要条款：金康合同中有关船舶规范的描述；预备航次、预计装货准备就绪日和解约日；装卸条款；装卸时间、滞期费和速遣费。同时理论结合实践，对目前实务中最常使用的金康76和金康94两个版本的合同进行比较，分析两者之间的差异以及该差异可能会给使用该格式的人士带来的争议，并提出相应的解决办法。尽管金康94已是一份相当完备的标准格式合同，但其中仍然有一些条款值得商榷，因此在本文的最后一部分，，将对金康94中的船位陈述、船东责任、装卸时间、解约日和金康合同下签发的提单等条款提出自己的修改建议。本篇论文将主要采用比较研究的方法，重点比较分析有关金康合同的英美国家仲裁裁决、权威判例同中国的仲裁和判决之间的异同点，结合我国的《海商法》和《合同法》对金康合同的重要条款进行研究，希望能够从理论和实务的角度解决有关金康合同的各种问题和争议。
[Abstract]:In the practice of voyage chartering, both parties often use the international standard format contract model as the basis for negotiation, and they are the most famous.The most widely used contract is the standard contract of GenCon, developed and introduced by BIMCO, a leading international shipowner's organization.In Asia, the use of the Jinkang contract is very high, and in China, the import and export business voyage charter, has been using the Jinkang contract.The Jinkang contract was first established in 1922, and with the continuous development of shipping practice, the content of the contract is constantly being revised and perfected. At present, the contract format of 1976 and 1994 is widely used in practice.There is no uniform international convention on adjusting voyage chartering. The process of contract conclusion based on Jinkang format fully embodies the principle of freedom of contracting and the contracting level of the parties, and at the same time brings a lot of disputes.For historical reasons, most of the disputes over the Jinkang contract are settled in arbitration institutions and courts in the United States and the United States. Therefore, to study the Jinkang contract, we must study these cases, through the study of these cases.By exploring the essence of Anglo-American contract law, refining and summarizing the principles and methods of contract interpretation, we can improve the level of contract research and legislation in our country.In particular, it can fill in some theoretical gaps in the contract law of our country, and provide reference for the judgment and arbitration of our courts and arbitration institutions, and also for the revision of Maritime Law and contract Law in the future.By studying the specific terms of the Jinkang contract, this paper explains its correct meaning, eliminates the ambiguity in its application, and points out the possible problems and risks in the process of using the contract.In order to provide useful help to Chinese people engaged in chartering practice and international trade, so that they can use the Jinkang contract correctly and reasonably in the practical operation, and strive for terms that are beneficial to them as far as possible.Avoid risks and create benefits when dealing with foreign companies.This paper focuses on the following important clauses: description of ship specifications in the Jinkang contract; preparation voyage, expected loading readiness date and termination date; loading and unloading clause; loading and unloading time, demurrage fee and prompt dispatch fee.At the same time, combining theory with practice, this paper compares the contracts of Jinkang 76 and Jinkang 94, which are the most commonly used in practice, and analyzes the differences between them and the disputes that the differences may bring to the people who use the format.And put forward the corresponding solution.Although Jinkang 94 is a fairly complete standard form contract, there are still some clauses which are open to question. Therefore, in the last part of this article, the ship position, shipowner's liability, loading and unloading time in Jinkang 94 will be stated.Contract date and Jinkang contract issued under the bill of lading and other terms to propose their own amendments.
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D912.29;D996.19

【引证文献】