论保险合同条款的解释

发布时间：2018-04-07 17:15

本文选题：保险条款　切入点：格式条款　出处：《华东政法学院》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 保险制度作为商法制度的重要组成部分,其意义在于汇集个人的力量,以成立危险共同体,于成员发生事故需要补偿时提供经济支助,以分散及消化其危险;其功能在于免除个人在社会经济生活中可能遭遇危险的忧虑,以达到社会安定与和谐的目的。保险合同作为一种格式化合同,合同当事人的权利义务主要体现在格式化的保险合同条款等保险合同文本之中。格式化保险条款在给保险商事活动带来便利和高效的同时,也日益成为保险合同当事人之间争议的焦点所在。同时,保险作为一种特殊的商事制度,其自身又有着一些自成体系的规则和惯例。在司法实践中,如果仅运用一般的合同解释方法对保险合同条款进行解释,往往会失之于简单甚至粗陋,并不一定能揭示保险合同的主旨,难以准确把握和平衡保险合同当事人之间的权利义务关系。加之在我国司法实践中,保险合同的解释方法并未形成统一体系,对合同的解释方法和规则还停留在学理探讨层面,《合同法》和《保险法》对于合同(保险合同)解释仅有原则性或零星的规定。此种状况给司法实践对保险合同案件的审理带来了困惑和挑战,本文作者在审判实践中也深切感受到有必要对保险合同条款解释方法进行系统的梳理和深入的研究。本文首先从保险合同条款属于格式条款着手,详细分析了保险格式条款的特征,提出了保险合同条款解释的基本原则,探讨了对保险合同条款进行解释的必要性和客体等基本法理问题,对保险合同条款的一般解释方法进行了阐述和分析,并重点从目的解释方法、遵从保险商业惯例解释方法、诚实信用解释方法、疑义利益规则解释方法以及免责条款的解释等方面对保险合同条款的解释提出了适用和规制方法。最后,文章从实践出发,对当前因立法存在不足造成的保险合同条款解释体系缺陷以及司法实践中对保险合同条款解释存在的误区和问题进行了揭示和分析,探讨了完善我国保险合同条款解释方法的途径,并提出了较为可行的适用规则,以期对保险案件的审理有所裨益,合理界定保险合同当事人之间的权利义务,促进保险商事活动的和谐发展。
[Abstract]:Insurance system as an important part of commercial law system, its significance lies in the pooling of individual strength, in order to establish a dangerous community, in order to provide economic support when members need to compensate for accidents, in order to disperse and digest their dangers;Its function is to avoid the danger of personal social and economic life, in order to achieve the goal of social stability and harmony.Insurance contract as a formatting contract, the rights and obligations of the parties to the contract are mainly reflected in the formatted insurance contract terms and other insurance contract texts.Formatting insurance clause not only brings convenience and efficiency to insurance commercial activities, but also becomes the focus of dispute between insurance contract parties.At the same time, as a special commercial system, insurance has its own system of rules and practices.In judicial practice, if only the general contract interpretation method is used to interpret the terms of the insurance contract, it will often lose its simplicity or even crude, which does not necessarily reveal the main thrust of the insurance contract.It is difficult to accurately grasp and balance the rights and obligations between the parties to an insurance contract.In addition, in the judicial practice of our country, the interpretation method of insurance contract has not formed a unified system.The interpretation methods and rules of contract are still on the theoretical level. The interpretation of contracts (insurance contracts) is only provided in principle or in a piecemeal manner in contract law and insurance law.This situation brings confusion and challenge to the trial of insurance contract cases in judicial practice. In the trial practice, the author also deeply feels that it is necessary to systematically comb and deeply study the interpretation methods of insurance contract terms.This paper begins with the form clause of the insurance contract, analyzes the characteristics of the insurance form clause in detail, and puts forward the basic principles of the interpretation of the insurance contract clause.This paper probes into the necessity and object of the interpretation of insurance contract terms, expounds and analyzes the general interpretation methods of insurance contract terms, and emphasizes on the interpretation method of the purpose and compliance with the commercial practice of insurance.The methods of good faith interpretation, the interpretation of doubtful benefit rules and the interpretation of exemption clauses are put forward to apply and regulate the interpretation of insurance contract terms.Finally, from the point of view of practice, the article reveals and analyzes the defects in the interpretation system of insurance contract terms caused by the deficiency of legislation and the misunderstanding and problems existing in the interpretation of insurance contract terms in judicial practice.This paper probes into the ways of perfecting the interpretation methods of insurance contract terms in our country, and puts forward more feasible applicable rules in order to benefit the trial of insurance cases and reasonably define the rights and obligations between the parties to insurance contracts.To promote the harmonious development of insurance commercial activities.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D922.284

【引证文献】