中国船舶抵押权制度完善研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 02:13

本文选题：船舶抵押权 + 担保物权　；参考：《辽宁大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：无论是建造一艘船舶还是维持船舶的运营都需要大量的资金。因此在这个过程中需要牵涉到利用船舶来进行融资。船舶抵押权是不转移船舶本身的占有,而在船舶上设立抵押的制度,也是一项常用的融资工具。世界各国对船舶抵押权的应用和保障都极其重视,中国《海商法》中对船舶抵押权也有专章进行规定。但从1992年中国《海商法》制定以来已经过去了二十多年,期间包括《物权法》《担保法》等一系列相关法律的制定和实施以及实践中具体发生的矛盾与问题使得这部《海商法》的适用和操作产生了一些争议和分歧。本文则是在这种背景下试图对船舶抵押权进行梳理,发现并解决这些争议。船舶抵押权从字面上可以分解为船舶和抵押权两部分。这两部分足以代表了船舶抵押权全部特性。船舶是一种特别的动产,其符合动产的定义,却又具有一些不动产的特性。有些国家,比如说德国,就是把船舶作为一种不动产来进行立法的。本文的第一部分就是从这个角度讨论和总结船舶抵押权的概念以及特性。并且通过船舶抵押权以及其他相关其它相关权利的比较明确船舶抵押权权利的界限。这些界限模糊或是不合理的地方即是试图发现的争议的端点。本文中这个端点指的是船舶优先权。船舶优先权是实践中实现船舶抵押权最大的障碍。因为船舶优先权具有秘密性和法定性的特点,并且其优先顺位在船舶抵押权之前。限制船舶优先权的设置以及适用范围是国际上的趋势。本文第三部分则是迎合这种趋势,从船舶优先权妨碍船舶抵押权的特性入手,分别设置制度试图压制这些特性,平衡二者矛盾冲突,使船舶抵押权和船舶优先权两种制度都可以健康发展。船舶抵押权的另一个特性体现在“抵押权”中。它说明了船舶抵押权是一种担保物权。本文第二部分就是从担保物权的角度出发,按照物权的特性分别从主体、客体、登记制度以及船舶抵押权的实现四个方面对船舶抵押权的担保物权属性进行梳理。并在第四部分对一些存在的问题进行比较和讨论,并提出一些解决的方法。船舶抵押制度对于推动造船业以及航运业的发展有着极其重要的作用。一旦船舶抵押面临法律上的困难,那就意味着船舶作为一项重要资产的融资功能出现了问题,造船业和航运业都会受到阻碍。这即是本文以船舶抵押权为研究对象的理论价值以及现实意义。本文以船舶抵押权船舶特殊动产和担保物权两个特性为入手点,对船舶抵押制度进行整理和分析,试图完善中国的船舶抵押和制度体系。
[Abstract]:Whether the construction of a ship or ship maintenance operations all need a lot of money. So in this process needs to involve the use of ships to finance. The ship mortgage is not the transfer of the ship itself and the establishment of the system of possession, the mortgage in the ship, but also one of the most common financing tool. The application and security of the world mortgage of ships are extremely seriously, "China Maritime Law > on the mortgage of the ship has special provisions. But since the establishment of maritime law from 1992 China < > has in the past more than 20 years, including during the" contradictions and problems occurred during the specific Property Law Guarantee Law "and a series of related to the formulation and implementation of laws and in the practice of making application and operate the" maritime law > generated some controversy and disagreement. This article is in this context tries to review the mortgage of the ship, to find and solve these issues On the mortgage of the ship. Literally can be divided into two parts of the ship and mortgage. The two part is enough to represent all the characteristics of the mortgage of the ship. The ship is a special kind of property, in accordance with the definition of real estate, but also has some real estate properties. Some countries, such as Germany. Is the ship as a kind of real estate to legislation. The first part of this article is from this perspective to discuss and summarize the concept and characteristics of the mortgage of the ship. And through the boundaries of ship mortgage and other related other related rights clear ship mortgage rights. These boundaries or unreasonable place is trying to find the endpoint dispute. This endpoint refers to the maritime lien. The maritime lien is the practice of realizing the mortgage of the ship. Because the biggest obstacle of maritime lien is a secret and the legal nature of the The characteristics, and the priority before the mortgage of the ship. Ship limited priority setting and the applicable scope is international trend. The third part of this paper is to cater to this trend, with the characteristics of Maritime Lien from obstruction of mortgage of the ship, were set up system trying to press these characteristics, the balance of the two conflicts. The mortgage of the ship and ship priority two system can healthy development. Another characteristic of ship mortgage is reflected in the "mortgage". It shows that the ship mortgage is a security interest. The second part is from the perspective of property guarantee, according to the characteristics of the property separately from the main body. The object, implementation of the registration system and the four aspects of ship mortgage guarantee right property mortgage of ships carried out. And in the fourth part of some existing problems were compared and discussed, and put forward Some of the solutions. The ship mortgage system plays an important role in promoting the development of shipbuilding industry and shipping industry. Once the ship mortgage legal difficulties, that means the ship as an important asset financing function problems, shipbuilding and shipping industry will be hindered. This is the with the mortgage of the ship as the research object of the theoretical value and practical significance. In this paper, the mortgage of the ship ship special chattel and real guarantee two characteristics for the starting point, the ship mortgage system were collected and analyzed, trying to improve the ship mortgage system and China.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2

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