从船舶优先权特征看船舶优先权的统一

发布时间：2018-04-14 20:08

本文选题：船舶优先权 + 比较法　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 船舶优先权是以船舶等海上财产为标的物的财产权利体系中较为有特色的一种。随着社会生活和海上运输的发展,船舶优先权在海运业中的作用日显重要。由于各国有关的船舶优先权法规的差异,适用不同国家的法律将产生不同的审判结果,面对不同的结果甚至有时是相反的结果,双方当事人有可能对法律的公平产生质疑。为了避免这种结果,各国和国际组织都在努力探索如何统一船舶优先权的方法。本文选取船舶优先权特征这一角度,将与船舶优先权的特征相关的程序和实体的内容予以分析,同时对两大法系以及有关公约中所确立的船舶优先权制度进行归纳、比较和评价,借鉴船舶优先权的有关理论和观点,对有关船舶优先权的法律问题进行了研究,以期对船舶优先权统一提出可行性建议。本文除了引言和结语,共分四大部分: 第一章是船舶优先权的概述,为下文论述作理论铺垫。首先阐述了船舶优先权最早源于古希腊时代的地中海沿岸各国,是一种海上商业习惯作法,船舶优先权的出现和古代欧洲的冒险贷款制度有关。虽然给船舶优先权下一个确切的定义很难,但是我们可以从其特征和性质入手,抓住它的本质。文章比较了两大法系下船舶优先权的性质,认为船舶优先权是一种担保物权,这不仅与船舶优先权的本质相符,也符合国际趋势。第二章主要阐述船舶优先权的法定性、优先受偿性与船舶优先权实体内容。在船舶优先权的法定性特征中,联系各国有关船舶优先权的法律法规以及国际公约,同时深入分析了船舶优先权的客体,探寻其立法趋势;在船舶优先权的优先受偿性中,介绍了两大法系船舶优先权项目的发展,并对船舶优先权的受偿顺序进行了分析。第三章主要阐述船舶优先权的秘密性、追及性和程序性与船舶优先权的程序性内容。在船舶优先权的秘密性特征中,重点论述了如何揭开船舶优先权的神秘面纱,保护善意购船人的利益。在船舶优先权的追及性特征中,介绍了船舶优先权的转移和消灭。在论述船舶优先权的程序性特征时,重点介绍了对物诉讼的特点以及船舶扣押。比较了两大法系的特点,寻找共同点。第四章探讨了如何实现船舶优先权的统一。这是本文的核心。通过分析船舶优先权统一的实践,以及遇到的阻碍,确立船舶优先权统一的基本原则,最后从实践的角度出发,提出统一船舶优先权的根本方法和现实方法。本文的主要研究方法是比较法,著名的海商法学者Tetley曾说过:“用比较的方法对法律进行研究是非常重要的,即使不是必不可少的。因为除非了解了他国的法律,才能真正地了解自己的法律”。1
[Abstract]:Maritime lien is a kind of property rights system with marine property as the subject matter.With the development of social life and maritime transportation, maritime lien plays an increasingly important role in maritime transport industry.Due to the differences of relevant maritime lien laws and regulations in different countries, the application of the laws of different countries will result in different trial results. In the face of different results and sometimes the opposite results, the parties may question the fairness of the law.To avoid this result, countries and international organizations are exploring ways to harmonize maritime liens.From the point of view of the features of maritime liens, this paper analyzes the contents of the procedures and entities related to the features of maritime liens, and sums up the maritime lien systems established in the two legal systems and the relevant conventions.By comparing and evaluating, drawing on the relevant theories and viewpoints of maritime liens, this paper studies the legal problems of maritime liens in order to put forward some feasible suggestions for the unification of maritime liens.In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts:The first chapter is the summary of maritime liens, which lays the foundation for the following discussion.Firstly, it is explained that maritime lien originated from the Mediterranean coastal countries in the ancient Greek era, which is a kind of maritime commercial practice. The emergence of maritime lien is related to the risk loan system in ancient Europe.Although it is difficult to define maritime liens exactly, we can start with its characteristics and properties and grasp its essence.This paper compares the nature of maritime liens in two legal systems, and holds that maritime liens are a kind of security interest, which is not only consistent with the essence of maritime liens, but also in line with the international trend.The second chapter mainly describes the legal nature of maritime liens, priority compensation and maritime lien substantive content.In the legal characteristics of maritime lien, the author analyzes the object of maritime lien and explores its legislative trend by referring to the laws and regulations of various countries and the international conventions on maritime lien, and in the priority compensation of maritime lien, it also analyzes the object of maritime lien and explores its legislative trend.This paper introduces the development of maritime liens in two legal systems, and analyzes the compensation order of maritime liens.The third chapter mainly expounds the secrecy, pursuit, procedure and procedural content of maritime lien.In the secret features of maritime liens, the paper mainly discusses how to uncover the mysterious veil of maritime liens and protect the interests of bona fide shipbuyers.The transfer and elimination of maritime liens are introduced in this paper.When discussing the procedural characteristics of maritime liens, the characteristics of action in rem and arrest of ships are emphatically introduced.This paper compares the characteristics of the two legal systems and looks for common ground.Chapter four discusses how to realize the unification of maritime lien.This is the core of this paper.By analyzing the practice of unification of maritime liens and the obstacles encountered, the basic principles of unification of maritime liens are established. At last, the fundamental and practical methods of unifying maritime liens are put forward from the point of view of practice.The main research method of this paper is comparative law. Tetley, a famous maritime law scholar, once said: "it is very important, if not necessary, to study the law by means of comparison.For only by knowing the laws of another country can one truly understand one's own law. "
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.294

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