论不足额保险下代位求偿权行使的劣后性及制度安排

发布时间：2018-04-15 11:38

本文选题：代位求偿权 + 不足额保险　；参考：《华东政法大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 保险代位求偿权是民商法代位权制度与保险理赔制度相结合的产物,具有自身独立的法律地位。其宗旨是为被保险人提供双重保障,以确保被保险人的损失得以充分补偿。由此出发,在足额投保的前提下,保险事故发生后,若第三人对损害负有赔偿责任,当保险人依合同对被保险人进行全额赔付后,即可毫无阻碍的就其给付范围向第三人主张代位求偿权。而在不足额保险中,当第三人的清偿能力不足以同时满足保险人的代位求偿权和被保险人的赔偿请求权时,被保险人的损害赔偿求偿权应优先得到行使。但是就现状看来,在此问题上,新出台的《中华人民共和国保险法》依然没能摆脱旧有制度的桎梏,保险合同的规定也不尽协调,被保险人的利益岌岌可危。因此,有必要从代位求偿权的性质和立法初衷出发,通过对不足额保险下代位求偿权行使的冲突分析,构建一种以被保险人优先原则为核心的法定连带债权制度并辅之以必要共同诉讼制度来彰显保险法的意旨。第一章是代位求偿权的法学分析及性质探究。本章从保险代位制度的保险法分析和当代的国际比较视角考察入手,对保险代位制度做了大致介绍。提出了保险代位求偿权行使的三个前提,指出了充分补偿和公平原则这一代位求偿权的立法初衷,而后对代位求偿权的属性进行了界定,最后对代位求偿权的取得方式,即增设权益转让书这一要件进行了合理性分析。第二章是不足额保险下代位求偿权行使的冲突。本章首先对不足额保险在理论和实务上作了解读,阐述了不足额保险下代位求偿权行使的困惑,并进而说明不足额保险中代位求偿权行使冲突的现状和解决方案。第三章是代位求偿权行使的劣后性——基于被保险人优先原则的探讨。针对目前各国在不足额保险代位求偿权行使问题上的两种学说进行分析,对“相对说”进行驳斥,并对被保险人优先原则的合理性进行法理分析。第四章是不足额保险下代位求偿权行使的程序依赖:从连带债权到类似必要共同诉讼制度的回归。本章首先分析了现行实务操作中在解决请求冲突上的程序困扰,介绍了《海事诉讼特别程序法》对此问题的解决思路,并进而提出在被保险人和保险人之间建立法定连带债权制度的构想,在程序上对代位求偿权行使名义进行了应然性分析,并基于当事人之间的牵连性在此问题的解决上引入必要共同诉讼制度。
[Abstract]:The subrogation right of insurance is the result of the combination of subrogation system of civil and commercial law and insurance claim system, and has its own independent legal status.Its purpose is to provide the insured with double protection to ensure that the insured's losses are fully compensated.From this point of view, under the premise of full insurance, if the third party is liable for damages after the insurance accident occurs, when the insurer pays the insured in full in accordance with the contract,You can claim subrogation to a third party on the scope of payment without hindrance.When the third party's solvency is not enough to satisfy both the insurer's subrogation and the insured's claim for compensation, the insured's right to claim for damages should be exercised first.However, as far as the present situation is concerned, the newly issued Insurance Law of the people's Republic of China has not been able to get rid of the shackles of the old system, the regulations of the insurance contract are not coordinated, and the interests of the insured are at risk.Therefore, it is necessary to proceed from the nature and legislative intention of subrogation, through the conflict analysis of the exercise of subrogation under inadequate insurance.To construct a kind of legal joint and several creditor's rights system with the principle of insurant priority as the core and complement it with the necessary joint action system to show the intention of the insurance law.The first chapter is the legal analysis and nature of subrogation.This chapter introduces the insurance subrogation system from the perspective of insurance law and contemporary international comparison.This paper puts forward three preconditions for the exercise of insurance subrogation, points out the legislative intention of the principle of adequate compensation and equity, then defines the attributes of subrogation, and finally obtains the right of subrogation.That is, the addition of the transfer of rights and interests of this element of the analysis of the reasonableness.The second chapter is the conflict of subrogation right under insufficient insurance.This chapter first interprets the theory and practice of inadequate insurance, expounds the puzzlement of the exercise of subrogation, and then explains the current situation and solution of the conflict between subrogation and subrogation in inadequate insurance.The third chapter discusses the inferiority of subrogation-based on the principle of insurant priority.Based on the analysis of two theories on the issue of subrogation right of underinsurance in various countries at present, this paper refutes the "relative theory" and analyzes the rationality of the principle of priority of the insured.The fourth chapter is the procedural dependence of subrogation under insufficient insurance: from joint and several claims to similar necessary joint action system.In this chapter, the author first analyzes the procedural troubles in solving the conflict of claims in the current practice, and introduces the solutions to this problem in the Special procedure Law of Maritime Litigation.Furthermore, it puts forward the idea of establishing the system of legal joint and several creditor's rights between the insured and the insurer, and analyzes the necessity of exercising the right of subrogation in the name of the right of subrogation in the procedure.And the necessary joint action system is introduced to solve the problem based on the implicability of the parties.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.284

【引证文献】