单证托运人法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 15:35

本文选题：单证托运人制度 + 诉权　；参考：《大连海事大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：2008年12月11日,联合国大会正式通过了《联合国全程或部分海上货物运输合同公约》,并建议将公约命名为《鹿特丹规则》,现行三个海运国际公约均是以承运人的权利义务为核心进行立法,忽视托运人,尤其是将货物交付给承运人的托运人的权利义务,而《汉堡规则》和我国《海商法》更是规定了两种托运人,但是立法并没有明确其各自的权利义务,这种混乱状态导致贸易法与运输法脱节,并在航运理论及司法实践中出现了很多问题,针对这种情况,《鹿特丹规则》设计了单证托运人制度作为对策。本文即对《鹿特丹规则》中新规定的单证托运人法律制度进行研究,具体研究单证托运人主体身份的取得、单证托运人的主要权利——要求承运人签发运输单证的权利、对货物的控制权和诉权,单证托运人的主要义务等方面。通过对这些问题的研究,借鉴挪威等其他国家的海商法,本文认为,《鹿特丹规则》单证托运人法律制度的设计初衷自然是好的,但是其对具体法律制度的设计方面仍有瑕疵：一方面其与贸易法仍不能很好的衔接,对FOB贸易下卖方权利的保护尤为不利；另一方面,其忽视了某些海上运输中的习惯做法与惯例,这也使得公约所设计的单证托运人制度的可行性大打折扣。本文通过对这些问题的研究,对此制度进行了修正,认为单证托运人将货物交给承运人后就应该具有要求承运人签发记载其本人为托运人的运输单证的权利,而且,单证托运人应该是第一手获得其付运的货物的控制权的人,同时应该将单证托运人的权利义务应限制于货物控制权的行使方面。经过修正的单证托运人制度不仅很好的契合了买卖法中的有关规定,使卖方的“中途停运权”落到实处,而且其与航运实践中的做法也是相一致的。由于《鹿特丹规则》短期内并不会生效,因此,本文仅希望能对将来我国《海商法》的修改提供一下参考。
[Abstract]:On 11 December 2008 , the United Nations General Assembly formally adopted the Convention on Contracts for the Carriage of Goods by the United Nations or Partly by Sea , and recommended that the Convention be named as Rotterdam Rules , and that the existing three maritime conventions are the rights and obligations of the shipper , which is the carrier ' s rights and obligations , and that the Hamburg Rules , in particular the shipper ' s obligations to deliver the goods to the carrier , have led to the dislocation of trade law and transport law and a number of problems in the theory of shipping and judicial practice . In this case , the Rotterdam Rules have designed a documentary shipper system as a countermeasure .

In this paper , the author studies the legal system of the single - card shipper , which is newly defined in the rules of Rotterdam Rules , and studies the main rights of the single - card shipper , which requires the carrier to issue the right to transport documents , the control of the goods and the main obligations of the documentary shipper . In the view of the study of these problems , the author suggests that the design of the shipper ' s legal system is good for the design of the specific legal system : on the one hand , it is not very good to the trade law , especially the protection of the seller ' s rights under FOB trade .
On the other hand , it ignores customary practices and practices in certain maritime transport , which also makes the feasibility of a documentary shipper designed by the Convention to be discounted .

In this paper , through the study of these problems , the system has been amended , and it is believed that the single - card shipper should have the right to request the carrier to issue the transport document which he himself is the shipper and , in addition , the documentary shipper should be the first to obtain the control of the goods it pays , and should limit the rights and obligations of the documentary shipper to the exercise of the control of the goods .

The revised document shipper system not only has a good agreement with the relevant provisions in the buying and selling method , but also accords with the practice of shipping practice . As the Rotterdam Rules are not effective in the short term , this paper only hopes to provide a reference for the future modification of maritime law .

【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.294;D996.19

【参考文献】