美国赊款担保制度及其对我国的借鉴意义

发布时间：2018-04-21 02:25

本文选题：美国统一商法典第九编 + 赊款担保权益　；参考：《华东政法学院》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：蓬勃发展的市场经济对融资的大量需求,促进了现代担保制度的发展。现代担保制度之领跑者——美国《统一商法典》第九编(动产担保交易法)自其颁布之始, 即广受各国学者重视,其中一些已经影响到国际动产担保领域的发展。赊款担保制度由美国《统一商法典》第九编中作出规定,它是从法典之前的附条件买卖制度(即大陆法系上的所有权保留制度)演变而来,内容上包括赊款担保权益和赊款优先权两部分。赊款担保制度对于我国来讲是一个全新的制度,为此,本文即以探讨此制度的应有内容为中心,分析了它的概念和制度特征,并深入论述了其制度构造,并对我国应否采纳此制度提出了自己的见解,以此期望自己能够为我国当前的物权立法作出理论上的贡献。本文除导言和结语之外,共分为四部分,第一部分为介绍美国《统一商法典》第九编,第二部分为赊款担保制度的历史渊源及其制度概况,第三部分是赊款担保制度的运行规则,第四部分为我国法律对赊款担保制度的理性选择。第一部分首先介绍了美国《统一商法典》及其第九编的一个产生过程。美国是一个典型的联邦制国家,法律制度实施的是双轨制,由于诸多原因,各州所颁布的法律极不统一,法律冲突导致抑制州际贸易和异常增加社会发展成本。《统一商法典》正是在这样的大环境下酝酿而生的。美国统一州法委员会和美国法学会于 1945 年 1 -1- WP=4 月 1 日起开始起草该法典,1951 年批准了法典的正式文本,并于 1952 年对外公布。之后,《统一商法典》经历了多次修改,形成了较多的正式文本,法律日臻完善。而其中的第九编还于 1998 年修订并于 2001 年 7 月生效。其次文章论述了《统一商法典》第九编的主要内容及其制度特色。该编秉承了商法典的整体风格,按照从总则到分则的顺序编排整个担保交易涉及的内容。法典第九编非常有特色,交易类型化上的功能方法与担保交易的一元化是其特质,同时也是吸引他国学者和立法者的独到之处。第二部分对赊款担保制度追根溯源,考证了判例法承认赊款担保及其优先权规则的最早判例。赊款担保制度的形成经历了较长的演变过程,从法典之前的附条件买卖发展成如今的赊款担保制度,虽然附条件买卖类似于大陆法系的所有权保留制度,但是赊款担保制度与所有权保留制度却有较大的不同。基于此,笔者试用大陆法系抽象性语言对赊款担保权益和赊款优先权所包含的定义进行描述,重点指出赊款担保制度特征在于标的物仅限于有形动产和软件的前提下,赊款担保债务必须是因担保物而生,同时债务人能够占有、使用甚至处分担保物,而担保权人一旦履行了完善担保权益的手续即能够获得超优先受偿的权利。而所有权保留制度中债务人仅能够占有使用标的物而无处分权,债权人享有的所有权也不同于赊款担保权人享有的担保权益,同时在其他一些地方,两者也具有较多的不同之处。第三部分探讨了赊款担保制度的运行规则。分析了赊款担保权益的设定主体、设定形式和客体范围。但是,赊款担保权益的设定仅仅使得担保权人取得了对抗债务人的效力,为了能够对抗第三人,赊款担保权人必须完善已经设定的担保权益。法律规定不同的担保物具有不同的完善方式。此外,债务人违约的可能性实在难以避免,因而赊款担保权人可以采取包括自力救济和公力救济在内的两种救济方式, 从而实现赊款担保权人的权益。接着本文重点指出,法律规定赊款担保权益最终的目的在于采用精心设计的赊款优先权规则,因为超优先受偿的权利使得担保权人的利益真正的得到保障。作为一项现代市场经济发达的美国建立的制度,赊款担保制度显示了其优势,它实现了公平价值,适应了资金融通和商品流通的需求,当事人 -2- WP=5 享有的较大自主权和手续简便又不乏安全性的制度优势赢得了众多人的喜爱。另外, 本部分还对赊款担保制度中各方当事人之间的利益冲突及如何平衡问题作出了简单的论述。第四部分对我国是否可以采用赊款担保制度提出了建议。本部分以法律移植理论为切入点,分析了我国引进赊款担保制度的可能性和必要性。文章最后,笔者粗浅的设计了赊款担保制度在我国的立法框架,期望其能够在我国发挥完美的保护债权人权益和交易安全的功效,实现物之价值最大化。结语对我国建立赊款担保制度提出几点建议,认为我国的法律制度应当适应大力发展的信用经济,并且突破物权法定主义。同时,还应在《民事诉讼法》中补充新的配套内容,以有利于赊款担保制度的规范施行。
[Abstract]:The booming demand of financing in the market economy has promoted the development of the modern guarantee system.
The leader of the protection system, the ninth part of the United States commercial code (movables secured transaction act), was issued at the beginning of its promulgation.
That is, widely recognized by scholars from various countries, some of which have affected the development of international chattel guarantee. Credit guarantee system
It is stipulated in the ninth edition of the unified commercial code of the United States, which is conditional sale system before the code.
The ownership reservation system in the continental law system has evolved from content to security interest and credit priority.
The two part. Credit guarantee system is a brand new system for our country.
The content of the degree should be centered, its concept and institutional characteristics are analyzed, and its institutional structure is discussed in depth.
It puts forward our own views on whether or not our country should adopt this system.
The contribution of the law to the theory is made.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into four parts. The first part is the introduction of the unified commercial code of the United States.
The ninth part, the second part is the historical origin of credit guarantee system and the general situation of the system. The third part is credit guarantee.
The fourth part is the rational choice of China's credit guarantee system.
The first part introduces the birth process of the unified commercial code and the ninth part of the United States.
In a typical Federalist state, the dual system is applied to the legal system. For many reasons, the States promulgated the system.
The law is extremely ununited, and the conflict of laws leads to the suppression of inter state Trade and the abnormal increase of the cost of social development.
It was in such a big environment that the United States State Law Commission and the American law society were 1 in 1945.
-1-
WP=4
The code was drafted on 1 June, and the official version of the code was approved in 1951. It was released in 1952.
After that, the uniform commercial code has undergone many revisions, forming more formal texts and improving the law.
The ninth part was revised in 1998 and came into effect in July 2001.
The main contents and characteristics of the ninth part of the code.
The contents of the whole secured transaction are arranged in a sequence. The ninth part of the code is very distinctive and typed.
The functional method and the centralization of secured transactions are their characteristics. They are also the only ones that attract other countries' scholars and legislators.
Where is it.
The second part of the credit guarantee system traced back to the source, verified the case law recognized credit guarantees and priority rules.
The earliest precedent, the formation of the credit guarantee system went through a long process of evolution.
Trading has developed into a current credit guarantee system, though conditional sale is similar to the ownership reservation system in the continental law system.
But the credit guarantee system is different from the ownership reservation system. Based on this, I try the mainland.
The abstract language of the legal system describes the definition of credit guarantee interest and credit priority, focusing on credit.
The guarantee system is characterized by the fact that only if the subject matter is limited to tangible movable property and software, credit guarantee must be secured.
When the guarantor is born, the debtor can occupy, use or even dispose of the guaranty, and the guarantor once fulfil it.
In order to improve the security rights and interests, the right of super priority compensation can be obtained, while the debtor in the ownership retention system.
It can only occupy the use of the subject matter without decentralization, and the ownership enjoyed by the creditor is different from that of the credit guaranty holder.
Some security interests are also different in some other places.
The third part discusses the operation rules of the credit guarantee system, analyzes the main body of the guarantee interest.
Set the form and the scope of the object. However, the setting of the guarantee interest of credit only makes the guaranty person obtain the debt of confrontation.
In order to fight against the third party, the guarantor of credit must improve the established security interest.
The law stipulates that different collateral has different ways of perfection. In addition, the possibility of default by debtors is very difficult.
Therefore, the guaranty holders of credit can take two REMEDIES including self-help and public relief.
In order to realize the rights and interests of the guaranty right of the credit guarantee, this article points out that the law stipulates the final guarantee of the interest on credit.
The purpose is to adopt the carefully designed credit priority rule, because the right of super priority compensation makes the guaranty holder's right.
Interest is truly guaranteed. As a modern market economy developed by the United States, credit guarantee system.
It shows its advantages. It achieves fair value and adapts to the needs of financial intermediation and commodity circulation.
-2-
WP=5
The system advantages of greater autonomy and simple procedures and safety have won the favor of many people.
This part also makes a simple analysis of the conflicts of interests between the parties in the credit guarantee system and how to balance them.
Discussion.
The fourth part puts forward suggestions on whether credit guarantee system can be adopted in our country.
As a breakthrough point, this paper analyzes the possibility and necessity of introducing credit guarantee system in China.
In the light of the legislative framework of credit guarantee system in China, we hope that it can play a perfect protective obligation in our country.
The rights and interests of the owner and the safety of the transaction will maximize the value of the property.
The conclusion puts forward several suggestions for establishing credit guarantee system in our country.
The credit economy that develops vigorously will break through the doctrine of real right. At the same time, it should also be supplemented in the civil procedure law.
The new supporting content is conducive to the standardized implementation of credit guarantee system.

【学位授予单位】：华东政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D971.2

【参考文献】