海上保险缔约信息提供义务法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 23:31

本文选题：海上保险合同 + 信息提供　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：海上保险缔约信息提供义务,是指海上保险合同双方在订立合同前,各自将其所知晓的对方不甚了解的信息提供给对方。按照一般合同法"买者当心"的原理,法律一般不会将提供信息的义务强制加给合同当事人。但在保险合同中,法律却规定保险人和投保人要承担提供信息的义务。这是由保险合同的性质以及合同双方不平衡的信息地位决定的。保险合同是射幸合同,投保人支付保费的对价是获得保险赔偿的可能性,是否能获得赔偿取决于保险事故是否发生,这就增加了发生道德风险的可能性,因而法律对保险合同当事人提出了更高的诚信要求;此外,保险合同双方信息地位不平衡。在海上保险中,信息不平衡的现象更加突出。一方面,海上特殊的地理环境和自然环境使航海风险大于陆上风险,而海上保险标的经常是船舶、货物、运费、法律责任或经济权益等财产形式的混合,信息较一般陆上保险标的更为复杂。投保人对保险标的信息的掌握程度远高于保险人;另一方面,保险合同通常是格式合同,合同中充斥保险专业术语,海上保险合同更是融合航海专业知识。缺乏专业知识的投保人往往对这些格式合同条款一头雾水,而保险人对合同信息的掌握程度远高于投保人。目前我国《海商法》中关于保险合同缔约信息提供义务的规定不完善,无法兼顾保险人与投保人双方的利益;同时,在海上保险领域,特别法《海商法》与一般法《保险法》在适用时存在不协调之处。从世界范围看,英国1906年《海上保险法》被各国视为海上保险法的范本而纷纷效仿或援用,我国在制定《海商法》时同样参照借鉴了该法。2015年,英国保险法有了重大变革,并颁布了新的保险法——《2015年保险法》,该法体现出目前国际海上保险立法的先进经验,无疑有很高的参考价值。除以英国为代表的英美法系外,大陆法系代表国家的保险立法同样具有一定的借鉴意义。本文试图对《海商法》及《保险法》相关法律中关于海上保险合同双方信息提供义务的规定进行梳理并指出其存在的问题,通过对国外先进立法经验的介绍,提出完善我国立法的措施。本文共分为四部分,第一部分是对海上保险缔约信息提供义务的理论基础介绍,第二部分论述被保险人缔约信息提供义务和域外法律的规定与发展,第三部分是对保险人缔约信息提供义务和域外相关法律规定的论述,第四部分则提出完善我国海上保险缔约信息提供义务的建议。
[Abstract]:The obligation to provide information in marine insurance contracts means that the parties to a marine insurance contract, before concluding a contract, provide to the other party information they know not well known by the other party. According to the principle of general contract law, the law does not impose the obligation to provide information to the parties. However, in the insurance contract, the law stipulates that the insurer and the policyholder should bear the obligation to provide information. This is determined by the nature of the insurance contract and the unbalanced information status of the parties to the contract. The insurance contract is a lucky contract. The consideration given by the policy holder to pay the premium is the possibility of obtaining insurance compensation. Whether or not compensation is obtained depends on whether the insurance accident occurs or not. This increases the possibility of moral hazard. Therefore, the law puts forward higher requirements of good faith for the parties to the insurance contract, in addition, the information status of the parties to the insurance contract is not balanced. In marine insurance, the phenomenon of information imbalance is more prominent. On the one hand, the special geographical environment and natural environment of the sea make the risk of navigation greater than the risk on land, and the subject matter of marine insurance is often a mixture of property forms such as ship, cargo, freight, legal liability or economic rights and interests. The information is more complex than the general land insurance subject matter. On the other hand, insurance contract is usually a format contract, which is full of insurance terms, and marine insurance contract is a combination of marine professional knowledge. The policyholders who lack professional knowledge are often confused about the contract terms of these formats, and the insurer has a much better grasp of the contract information than the policyholder. At present, the provisions of the Maritime Law of our country on the obligation to provide information for the contracting of insurance contracts are not perfect, and it is not possible to take into account the interests of both the insurer and the policyholder; at the same time, in the field of marine insurance, The special law, Maritime Law, and the General Law, Insurance Law, are inconsistent in their application. From the view of the whole world, the British Maritime Insurance Law of 1906 was regarded as the model of marine insurance law by many countries and was followed or used in succession. In the process of making Maritime Law, our country also referred to the law. In 2015, the British Insurance Law had a great change. A new insurance law, the Insurance Law of 2015, has been promulgated, which embodies the advanced experience of international marine insurance legislation and is undoubtedly of great reference value. In addition to the Anglo-American law system represented by the United Kingdom, the insurance legislation of the continental law system on behalf of the country also has certain reference significance. This paper attempts to sort out and point out the problems existing in the relevant laws of Maritime Law and Insurance Law on the obligation of providing information for both parties to marine insurance contracts, and introduce the advanced legislative experience of foreign countries. The measures to perfect the legislation of our country are put forward. This paper is divided into four parts, the first part is the introduction of the theoretical basis of the obligation to provide information in marine insurance contracting, the second part discusses the provisions and development of the insured's obligation to provide information in contracting and the provisions and development of extraterritorial laws. The third part discusses the obligation of the insurer to provide information in the contract and the relevant laws and regulations outside the country. The fourth part puts forward some suggestions to improve the obligation of providing information in the contracting of marine insurance in China.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.294

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