商行为的体系定位和结构转换——历史维度的再考察

发布时间：2018-04-22 23:03

本文选题：商行为 + 民法典编纂　；参考：《环球法律评论》2017年01期

【摘要】：在民法典正在编纂的背景下,必须思考商行为的体系定位和规范表达问题。对于这一问题的处理,不仅需要体系结构视角的反思,而且需要历史变迁维度的考察。对于商行为的历史变迁考察有助于理解其发生基础、发展逻辑、演变趋势,也有益于处理民法典体系下商行为的规范设置问题。商行为制度在19世纪大陆法系国家商法法典化之前并未得以建构,而是在法典化时期才充分发展,商法由"商人法"转变为"商行为法",商行为成为商法体系建构的核心概念并决定着商法典的适用范围;20世纪商行为制度面临理论挑战和制度危机,商法体系建构不再以商行为为核心,商法由"商行为法"回归到"商人法"或调整为"企业法"。我国民法典编纂过程中必须充分重视商行为的特殊性,但也必须考虑私法立法传统和既有法律体系的制约,选择适应经济社会发展需要的商行为法律规范模式。
[Abstract]:Under the background that the Civil Code is being compiled, it is necessary to think about the system orientation and normative expression of commercial firms. To deal with this problem, we need not only the reflection of architecture perspective, but also the historical change dimension. The investigation of the historical changes of commercial banks is helpful to understand the basis of their occurrence, to develop logic and the trend of evolution, and to deal with the problem of setting up the norms of commercial banks under the civil code system. The commercial bank system was not constructed before the codification of commercial law in the countries of continental law system in the 19th century, but developed fully in the period of codification. The commercial law has changed from "merchant law" to "commercial behavior law". Commercial firms have become the core concept of the construction of commercial law system and decided the scope of application of commercial code. In the 20th century, commercial firms faced with theoretical challenges and institutional crises. The construction of commercial law system no longer regards commercial firms as the core, and commercial law is returned from "commercial behavior law" to "merchant law" or adjusted to "enterprise law". In the process of compiling the civil code of our country, we must pay full attention to the particularity of commercial firms, but we must also consider the restriction of the legislative tradition of private law and the existing legal system, and choose the commercial firms which meet the needs of economic and social development as the legal norm mode.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院法学研究所;
【基金】：2016年中国法学会部级法学研究课题“民法典编纂与商事通则立法:基于商法‘法典化’的视角”(CLS2016C25)的研究成果
【分类号】：D913.99

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