海上保险委付制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 11:00

本文选题：海上保险 + 委付　；参考：《中国政法大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文以民法、海商法、保险法的基本理论为依托,通过对我国海商法以及英国等主要国家(地区)海上保险委付制度立法的比较分析,澄清海上保险委付制度的基本理论问题,同时选取英国海上保险的典型权威案例,对委付实施的各个环节进行解构,尽可能详尽地讨论委付过程中可能出现的法律问题,力图呈现海上保险委付制度的全貌,从而对该制度有一个深入全面而富有体系性的认识。全文共分四个部分,重点讨论委付的概念、法律性质、实施规则及其法律效力,并进一步探求完善我国海上保险委付制度立法的途径。第一部分委付的概念及其法律性质,是委付制度最基本也是最重要的两个基本理论问题。对这两个问题的论证和澄清为文章后续关于委付实施规则和效力的深入讨论奠定了基础。本文该部分通过对委付的词源分析,结合各国立法对委付行为的描述,比较分析主要国家海上保险立法对委付性质的规定以及相关学说的论证过程,澄清目前学术界关于委付概念及其法律性质问题的错误认识,明确指出委付本质上是一项特殊的意思表示,是指在海上保险中,当保险标的物发生推定全损时,被保险人在主张全损赔偿前,由被保险人作出的自愿把保险标的物转让给保险人的意思表示。第二部分介绍了委付实施的前提——推定全损,在文中起到承上启下的作用,重点论证了委付制度与推定全损制度两者的关系。委付制度依附于海上保险的推定全损制度,是保险标的发生推定全损的情况下,为了平衡保险人和被保险人双方的权利义务以及简化保险索赔理赔程序而设置的一项辅助性的制度。因此任何关于委付的讨论都必须置于推定全损的制度框架之中,也正基于此委付作为一项意思表示其效力不囿于保险标的权利义务的转让,还关系到被保险人的全损保险金请求权。第三部分委付的实施及其法律效果是本文的主体部分,该部分按照实践中委付实施的几个主要环节,结合英国海上保险权威经典案例,对委付制度进行解构,深入讨论委付通知的有效要件、委付通知的撤回与撤销、委付通知的接受、委付通知的拒绝以及上述各行为的法律效力。通过分析案例和具有代表性国家的立法总结论证在委付具体实施过程中可能出现的法律问题,从而呈现出委付制度的全貌。第四部分中国海上保险委付制度立法的完善是全文的结尾和升华部分,是在前文全面分析论证委付制度的基础上,以一个拟定的完整的委付法律制度来对照目前我国委付制度立法和司法实践,主要从委付的概念和法律性质、委付通知的有效要件、有效委付通知的效力层次、接受委付的法律后果、拒绝委付的法律后果等五个方面提出完善我国委付制度立法建议。
[Abstract]:Based on the basic theories of civil law, maritime law and insurance law, this paper clarifies the basic theoretical issues of marine insurance abandonment system through the comparative analysis of China's maritime law and the legislation of marine insurance abandonment system in England and other major countries (regions). At the same time, the typical authoritative cases of British marine insurance are selected to deconstruct the various aspects of the implementation of the abandonment, to discuss the possible legal problems in the process of abandonment in as much detail as possible, and to try to present the full picture of the abandonment system of marine insurance. Thus there is a thorough and systematic understanding of the system. The full text is divided into four parts, which focus on the concept, legal nature, implementation rules and legal effect of abandonment, and further explore the ways to perfect the legislation of marine insurance abandonment system in China. In the first part, the concept of abandonment and its legal nature are the two most basic and important theoretical issues in the system of abandonment. The argumentation and clarification of these two issues lay a foundation for further discussion on the implementation rules and effects of the abandonment. Based on the etymological analysis of the abandonment and the description of the act of abandonment in the legislation of various countries, this part compares and analyzes the provisions on the nature of abandonment in the marine insurance legislation of the major countries and the argumentation process of the relevant theories. To clarify the current misconceptions of the concept of abandonment and its legal nature in academic circles, and to point out clearly that abandonment is essentially a special expression of will, meaning that in marine insurance, when the subject-matter of insurance is presumed to have a total loss, The intention of the insured to transfer the subject matter of insurance to the insurer voluntarily before claiming total loss compensation. The second part introduces the premise of the implementation of the surrender-the presumption of total loss, which plays a connecting role in the text, with emphasis on the relationship between the abandonment system and the presumption total loss system. The abandonment system, which is dependent on the presumption of total loss of marine insurance, is the case of a presumption of total loss on the subject matter of insurance, An auxiliary system designed to balance the rights and obligations of both the insurer and the insured and to simplify the insurance claim settlement procedure. Any discussion of abandonment must therefore be placed within the framework of a system of presumptive total loss and is based on this abandonment as an implication that its effect is not limited to the transfer of rights and obligations on the subject matter of insurance, It also relates to the right of claim for total loss insurance of the insured. The third part is the main part of this paper, which deconstructs the abandonment system according to several main links in practice, combined with the classic case of British marine insurance authority. To discuss in depth the valid requirements of the notice of abandonment, the withdrawal and revocation of the notice of abandonment, the acceptance of the notice of abandonment, the refusal of the notice of abandonment and the legal effect of the above acts. Through the analysis of cases and the legislative summary of representative countries, the legal problems that may arise in the process of implementation of the abandonment are presented, thus presenting the complete picture of the system of abandonment. The fourth part is the consummation of the legislation of China's marine insurance abandonment system, which is the end and sublimation of the full text, which is based on the comprehensive analysis and demonstration of the abandonment system. Comparing with the legislation and judicial practice of the present abandonment system in China, a proposed and complete legal system of abandonment is proposed, mainly from the concept and legal nature of the abandonment, the effective elements of the abandonment notice, and the level of effectiveness of the effective abandonment notice. The legal consequences of accepting the abandonment and the legal consequences of refusing to surrender are proposed to improve the legislation of the abandonment system in China.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.294;D922.284

【引证文献】