海运提单在信用证国际结算中的法律问题

发布时间：2018-04-24 15:45

本文选题：信用证 + 海运提单　；参考：《大连海事大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 在国际贸易结算中,信用证是最为常见的结算方式。而跟单信用证中最为重要的单据是海运提单,所以理顺海运提单在信用证结算中的法律关系和法律问题就相当重要。信用证的独立原则和欺诈例外原则是信用证国际结算的两个重要原则,而有关海运提单的重要法律规范是海商法。所以,两方面原则的冲突和交叉,对出口商的结汇工作造成了巨大的隐患和困惑。如何理清其中的法律问题,是控制结汇风险的基础。上述问题涉及的法律问题纷繁复杂、丰富无穷。往往让出口商无所适从。但概括起来有以下两个方面:把握货权的原则和谨慎对待提单的暂时性失控原则。在信用证国际结算中,这两个问题的解决是关键问题的解决,其他的问题也会随着迎刃而解。本文围绕上述问题,分别从以下几个方面进行阐述: 海运提单SHIPPER的选择以及托运人的界定;信用证CONSIGNEE条款的审核和由此而来的记名提单的问题;倒签提单与信用证欺诈的确定;信用证装运条款和预借提单侵权;无单放货导致信用证国际结算体系的脱散。本文从出口商的角度出发,对基本的观点和法理做了阐述,以便于出口商在信用证结算中合理规避风险,面对复杂多变的形式。由此,总结了以下几个原则:以信用证的两个基本原则为结算前提和框架,以海商法为风险控制基础;信用证结算条款的审核和接受要以海运提单的安全性为前提;海运提单的暂时性失控,是信用证结算安全一个重点,谨慎处理海运提单在信用证结算过程中的流转问题。
[Abstract]:In international trade settlement, letter of credit is the most common settlement method. The most important document in documentary credit is the sea bill of lading, so it is very important to straighten out the legal relationship and legal problems of the bill of lading in the settlement of L / C. The principle of independence and the principle of fraud exception are two important principles of international settlement of letters of credit, and maritime law is an important legal norm of maritime bills of lading. Therefore, the conflict and crossover of the two principles have caused great trouble and confusion to exporters. How to clear up the legal problems is the basis of controlling the risk of settlement of foreign exchange. The legal issues mentioned above are complex and rich. Exporters are often left at a loss. But there are two aspects as follows: the principle of grasping the right of goods and the principle of being cautious about the temporary runaway of bill of lading. In the international settlement of letters of credit, the solution of these two problems is the key problem, and the other problems will be solved. This paper focuses on the above issues, respectively from the following aspects: The choice of SHIPPER and the definition of shipper; the audit of CONSIGNEE clause of L / C and the problems of bearer bill of lading arising therefrom; the determination of L / C bill of lading and L / C fraud; the infringement of L / C shipping clause and L / C bill of lading; The release of goods without documents results in the debonding of the international settlement system of letters of credit. From the point of view of exporters, this paper expounds the basic viewpoints and legal principles in order to avoid risks reasonably and face complex and changeable forms in the settlement of letters of credit. Therefore, the following principles are summarized: taking the two basic principles of the letter of credit as the settlement premise and framework, the maritime law as the basis for risk control, the verification and acceptance of the terms of settlement of the letter of credit on the premise of the security of the bill of lading; The transitory runaway of ocean bill of lading is a key point in the settlement of letters of credit, and the circulation of ocean bills of lading in the process of settlement of letters of credit is handled with caution.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D996.19;F740.4

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