论船载有毒有害物质污染损害赔偿的民事责任

发布时间：2018-05-02 23:52

本文选题：有毒有害物质 + 民事责任　；参考：《复旦大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文研究的主题是船载有毒有害物质污染事故损害赔偿的民事责任有关的法律问题,分为六章。第一章分析《国际海上运输有毒有害物质损害责任及赔偿公约》中有毒有害物质的定义和我国法律体系中“有毒有害物质”、“危险货物”等相关概念,我国法律中缺乏对环境污染侵权责任中的“有毒有害物质”的明确界定,应借鉴国际公约并结合国内法中对“危险货物”的规定,明确我国国内法中“有毒有害物质”的内涵和外延。第二章主要研究了国际公约在我国国内适用的问题。从我国已有的司法实践和学界观点看,如果我国参加了上述公约,则该公约仅在具有涉外因素的船载有毒有害物质污染事故中适用。对于我国管辖海域内的不具有涉外因素的有毒有害污染事故应适用我国《侵权责任法》、《海商法》等法律、行政法规的规定。第三章所探讨的是船载有毒有害物质污染事故所造成损害的地域范围和内容,《国际海上运输有毒有害物质损害责任及赔偿公约》明确规定了该公约所适用的损害包括人身伤亡、环境损害和预防措施等内容,而我国法律中环境污染侵权责任中责任主体应对环境污染事故所造成的实际损失进行赔偿。为便利我国法律下船载有毒有害物质污染事故中受害人的求偿,借鉴国际公约的相关规定,明确我国法律中有毒有害物质污染事故的损害内容是可取的选择。第四章的主要内容是船载有毒有害污染事故中的责任主体在国际公约和我国国内法下享有的赔偿责任限制。相比国际公约中所规定的较高的赔偿限额,不具有涉外因素的船载有毒有害污染事故的船舶所有人将适用我国《海商法》中规定的数额较低的海事责任限制。第五章主要分析了受害人根据国际公约和国内法确定求偿对象、管辖法院和诉讼时效的法律问题。根据国际公约的规定,船舶所有人是唯一承担损害赔偿责任的主体,而我国法律中并未明确规定环境污染侵权事故中的责任主体,而应根据污染事故的具体事实和法律法规来确定具有赔偿义务的责任主体。将国际有毒有害物质基金的制度与有毒有害物质损害责任的制度规定于同一个国际公约之中是《国际海上运输有毒有害物质损害责任及赔偿公约》的一大特点。本文的最后一章介绍并分析了该国际有毒有害物质基金的基本制度及其对我国参加该国际公约的影响。本文进行研究的目的,主要是希望对比该国际公约和我国国内法的法律规范,为我国相关法律制度的修改和参加该国际公约的前景进行分析。
[Abstract]:The subject of this paper is the legal issues related to the civil liability for damage compensation in shipborne toxic and harmful substances pollution accidents, which is divided into six chapters. The first chapter analyzes the definition of noxious and harmful substances in the International Convention on liability and compensation for damage caused by noxious substances in the International Carriage of noxious substances by Sea, and the relevant concepts of "toxic and harmful substances" and "dangerous goods" in our legal system. There is a lack of clear definition of "toxic and harmful substances" in the tort liability of environmental pollution in our country, so we should draw lessons from international conventions and combine with the provisions of "dangerous goods" in domestic law. To clarify the connotation and extension of "toxic and harmful substances" in Chinese domestic law. The second chapter mainly studies the application of international conventions in China. From the point of view of judicial practice and academic circles in China, if our country is a party to the above-mentioned convention, the convention will only be applied in the accidents of pollution caused by toxic and harmful substances carried by ships with foreign factors. The law of tort liability, maritime law and other laws and administrative regulations should be applied to the noxious and harmful pollution accidents in the sea area under the jurisdiction of our country. Chapter III deals with the geographical scope and content of damage caused by incidents of pollution caused by toxic and harmful substances carried on board ships. The Convention on liability and compensation for damage caused by toxic and harmful substances in the International Carriage of toxic and harmful substances by Sea clearly stipulates that the damage to which the Convention applies includes personal injury, The contents of environmental damage and preventive measures, while in the law of our country environmental pollution tort liability subject should compensate for the actual loss caused by the environmental pollution accident. In order to facilitate the claim of the victims in the shipborne toxic and harmful substances pollution accident under the law of our country, it is a desirable choice to draw lessons from the relevant provisions of the international conventions and to make clear the damage content of the toxic and harmful substances pollution accident in our country's law. The main content of the fourth chapter is the limitation of liability under the international convention and the domestic law of our country. Compared with the higher limit of compensation stipulated in the international convention, the owner of the ship without foreign factors will apply the lower limitation of maritime liability as stipulated in the Maritime Law of our country. The fifth chapter mainly analyzes the legal issues of the victim's determination of the object of claim, the jurisdiction of the court and the statute of limitations according to the international conventions and domestic laws. According to the provisions of the international convention, the owner of the ship is the only subject of liability for damages, but the subject of liability in the environmental pollution tort is not clearly stipulated in the law of our country. The liability subject with compensation obligation should be determined according to the specific facts and laws and regulations of the pollution accident. It is a major feature of the Convention on liability and compensation for damage caused by the International Maritime Carriage of toxic and harmful substances that the system of the International Fund for toxic and harmful substances and the system of liability for damage caused by toxic and harmful substances are stipulated in the same international convention. In the last chapter, the basic system of the International Fund for toxic and harmful substances and its influence on China's participation in the International Convention are introduced and analyzed. The purpose of this paper is to compare the international convention with the legal norms of our country's domestic law, and to analyze the revision of the relevant legal system and the prospect of participating in the international convention.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D997.1;D923;D922.294

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