沉船强制打捞相关法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 23:12

本文选题：沉船强制打捞 + 责任主体　；参考：《大连海事大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：一直以来,沉船强制打捞都是我国海事部门管理中的一大难题,而这一难题也有着深远的历史,以前,由于海上运输并没有如现在这般发达,传统的船舶体积又小,材质单一,沉没以后并不会带来太大的损失,所以,沉船强制打捞这一问题在历史上很长一段时间都得不到重视,不管国际立法或是国内立法都相对落后,而实践中,我国缺乏统一有效的管理机制,不同层级之间的又缺乏统一的法律规范作为标准,制约着海事部门职能的发挥,这样造成的后果不仅仅是威胁航道的航行安全问题,更严重的是会对我国的海上环境造成不可磨灭的影响。而今,海上货物运输的地位越来越重要,原先的混乱的管理机制显然不能使海事部门从容应对各种突发事件,所以,明确海事部门的职能,确认打捞过程中各方的责任,探索一条有效的费用补偿机制,这对于海事部门更好的解决沉船强制打捞过程中的问题就尤为重要。笔者对我国的海事部门进行了实地调研,将海事部门对强制打捞实际管理中存在的问题总结如下：沉船的法律界定尚不明确,强制打捞的程序仍需规范,打捞公司在强制打捞中的责任没有严格限定,打捞中各方当事人的法律关系混乱,打捞费用的实现得不到保障。国内海商法学界中对于这些问题并没有一致的结论,笔者通过对国际公约及国内各相关法律条文的对比分析,得出沉船在我国法律环境下的含义,并通过对最新出台的《中华人民共和国海事行政强制实施程序规定》的分析研究,对海事部门在实际操作中的程序规范提供了依据。同时结合国内的《物权法》、《合同法》等相关法律,分析海事部门在与打捞公司的合作过程中需要注意的问题。而沉船的所有权归属,沉船打捞责任人的明确,更是对强制打捞费用的实现尤为重要。目前,海商法学界对于如何更好的解决打捞费用的难题仍无定论,各国实际中的处理也各不相同,笔者结合我国各地海事部门实际中的处理办法,针对我国大法律环境,分析了国际上常用的强制保险机制和打捞基金机制,通过对比二者,分析利弊,以期得出更适合我国的方式的途径。
[Abstract]:All along, compulsory salvage of sunken ships has been a major problem in the management of maritime departments in China, and this difficult problem also has a profound history. In the past, because maritime transport was not as developed as it is now, the traditional vessels are small in size and single in material. After sinking, it will not bring too much damage. Therefore, the problem of forced salvage of sunken ships has not been paid attention to for a long time in history. Whether international or domestic legislation is relatively backward, but in practice, The lack of a unified and effective management mechanism, and the lack of uniform legal norms among different levels as standards, restrict the development of the functions of the maritime sector. The consequences of this do not only threaten the safety of navigation in waterways, but also the safety of navigation. What is more serious is will cause the indelible influence to our country's marine environment. Today, the status of the carriage of goods by sea is becoming more and more important. It is obvious that the original chaotic management mechanism cannot enable the maritime sector to cope with all kinds of emergencies. Therefore, it is clear that the functions of the maritime sector should be clarified and the responsibilities of the parties involved in the salvage process recognized. It is very important to explore an effective cost compensation mechanism for maritime authorities to solve the problems in the process of forced salvage of sunken ships. The author has carried on the field investigation to the maritime department of our country, summed up the problems existing in the actual management of the compulsory salvage by the maritime department as follows: the legal definition of the sunken ship is not clear, the procedure of the compulsory salvage still needs to be standardized, The liability of salvage company in compulsory salvage is not strictly limited, the legal relationship between the parties involved in salvage is confused, and the realization of salvage cost is not guaranteed. There is no consistent conclusion on these problems in domestic maritime law circles. The author draws the meaning of sunken ship under the legal environment of our country through the comparative analysis of international conventions and relevant domestic legal provisions. Through the analysis and study of the newly issued regulations on the procedure of maritime administration enforcement in the people's Republic of China, the paper provides the basis for the procedure standard of maritime department in practice. At the same time, this paper analyzes the problems that should be paid attention to in the process of cooperation between the maritime department and the salvage company in the light of the relevant laws such as Real right Law, contract Law and so on. The ownership of the sunken ship and the clarity of the responsible person are particularly important to the realization of the compulsory salvage cost. At present, there is still no conclusion on how to better solve the problem of salvage fees in maritime law circles, and the actual treatment in various countries is also different. The author combines the actual treatment methods of maritime departments in various parts of our country, aiming at the big legal environment of our country. This paper analyzes the compulsory insurance mechanism and the salvage fund mechanism commonly used in the world. By comparing the two mechanisms, the advantages and disadvantages are analyzed in order to find a more suitable way for our country.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.294

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