我国船舶保险中几个法律问题的探讨

发布时间：2018-05-07 05:57

本文选题：船舶保险 + 间接碰撞　；参考：《上海海事大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前,在船舶保险实践中,保险人和被保险人对很多问题存在法律争议。比如间接碰撞是否属于86条款碰撞责任条款的承保责任范围?保险人依据什么来判定某船不适航从而拒赔,怎样才算适航?被保险人对保险人究竟存在哪些告知义务,违反告知义务将会产生怎样的法律后果等等。这些问题有些源于被保险人对相关法律概念的模糊认识,例如告知义务,对适航的界定;有些属于保险人的习惯做法是否合法或司法实践的不确定性,如间接碰撞责任。由于上述问题所涉及到的理赔,往往金额巨大,甚至于全损,不能不引起被保险人和保险人的高度重视。这些实践中发生的法律争议问题涉及到法律的理论范畴,与《海商法》、《保险法》、《合同法》以及相关的国际惯例等有密不可分的联系。本文中,作者通过对中外相关的法律、保险条款的比较和研究,并结合我国船舶保险的具体实践,对间接碰撞、适航、告知义务等有争议的法律问题进行了深入的研究和探讨,得出以下结论: 1、间接碰撞应属于86条款“碰撞责任”条款的承保责任范围。 2、保险人以船舶不适航为由拒赔损失,则必须同时满足“船舶不适航”、“船舶开航时”、“被保险人知道或应该知道此种不适航”,“因此种不适航造成的损失、责任或费用”这四个条件,缺一不可。另外,对86条款有关以上两点的内容提出了自己的修改意见。对“告知义务”则结合船舶保险实践,列明哪些属于被保险人应如实告知的重要情况,违反了会产生怎样的法律后果。希望通过对这些非常具有实践意义的法律问题的深入研究,能够给船舶保险的理论研究和实践操作带来益处。
[Abstract]:At present, in the practice of ship insurance, there are many legal disputes between the insurer and the insured. For example, is indirect collision covered by the 86 Clause collision liability? What does the underwriter base on to decide a ship is unseaworthy so refuse to compensate, how to calculate airworthiness? What kind of obligation does the insured have to inform the insurer, and what kind of legal consequences will the breach of the obligation of notification have? Some of these problems arise from the insurant's vague understanding of relevant legal concepts, such as the obligation to inform, the definition of seaworthiness, and the uncertainty as to whether the insurer's customary practice is lawful or judicial practice, such as indirect collision liability. Because the above-mentioned question involves the claim, often the amount is huge, even the total loss, cannot but cause the insurant and the insurer's high attention. These legal disputes in practice are related to the theoretical scope of the law and are closely related to the Maritime Code, Insurance Law, contract Law and related international practices. In this paper, the author makes a deep research on the controversial legal issues such as indirect collision, airworthiness, notification obligation and so on through the comparison and study of the relevant laws and insurance clauses between China and foreign countries, and combined with the specific practice of ship insurance in China. Draw the following conclusions: 1. Indirect collision should be covered by Article 86 "collision liability". (2) if the insurer refuses to compensate for the loss on the ground that the ship is unseaworthy, it must at the same time meet the requirements of "the ship is unseaworthy", "when the ship is sailing", "the insured knows or should know of such unseaworthiness", and "the loss caused by such unseaworthiness", The four conditions of liability or expense are indispensable. In addition, the article 86 related to the above two points of the content of their own amendments. On the basis of the practice of ship insurance, the author points out which important circumstances should be truthfully informed by the insured, and what kind of legal consequences will result from the breach. It is hoped that the in-depth study of these legal issues of practical significance will benefit the theoretical research and practical operation of marine insurance.
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D922.284

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