海难救助救助人主体认定问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 02:56

本文选题：救助人 + 合同义务　；参考：《大连海事大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：海难救助救助人是海难救助法律关系的参与者。在海难救助中,救助人负有对遇险对象进行救助的基本义务,享有获得救助报酬的基本权利。不同海难救助类型下救助人的具体权利义务不同,救助人的主体认定规则也存在区别。本文的目的是对海难救助救助人主体认定规则进行探讨,包括救助人认定的一般规则和不同类型救助下救助人认定的具体规则。本文以救助人的主体认定规则为核心,共分为四章。第一章为概述,对海难救助的类型和不同海难救助类型下的救助人进行了分析并对救助人主体认定规则进行了讨论。以《1989年救助公约》、英国法以及我国《海商法》为视角,对救助人认定规则进行概括,认为救助人的认定规则包括实施救助和自愿原则两个标准,但不同海难救助类型下救助人的认定规则是有区别的。在纯救助下,救助人只需要满足实施救助标准;在非纯救助(包括基于合同义务和法定义务的救助)下救助人还需满足自愿原则的标准;第二章围绕实施救助的标准对纯救助下救助人的认定规则进行了论述,认为救助人包括亲自参与救助的人及提供救助的船舶或其它财产的所有人或占有人;第三章围绕自愿原则,对基于合同义务进行救助的主体是否可以成为救助人以及成为救助人需满足的条件进行论述,分为合同救助情况下、负有拖带义务或其他合同义务情况下救助人的认定三种情况进行讨论。第四章则围绕自愿原则对基于法定义务进行救助的主体是否可以成为救助人以及成为救助人需要满足的条件进行了讨论,分为引航员、国家主管机关和负有法定义务的船长实施的救助三种情形。随着海上丝绸之路活动的开展,海难救助制度的作用将变得更加重要,针对救助人认定规则在立法中的不明确及在实践中的争议应尽快解决。本文认为在明确救助人认定的一般规则的同时,对不同类型救助下的救助人的认定不应一概而论,而应该采取分类讨论的方式加以完善。
[Abstract]:Salvor of salvage is a participant in the legal relationship of salvage. In the salvage of the sea, the rescuer bears the basic obligation to rescue the victims, and enjoys the basic right to receive the salvage reward. The specific rights and obligations of the rescuers under different salvage types are different. The purpose is to discuss the rules of the identification of the salvor for salvage and salvage, including the general rules of the salvor and the specific rules for the identification of the salvor under the different types of assistance. This article is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is a summary of the types of salvage and the rescue of different types of salvage. The help person has carried on the analysis and discussed the rule of the main body cognizance of the rescuer. Taking the <1989 salvage convention, the British law and the maritime law of our country as the angle of view, the author generalizes the rules of the cognizance of the salvor, and thinks that the rule of the salvor's cognizance includes two standards for the implementation of the salvage and voluntary principle, but the identification of the salvor under the different salvage types The rule is different. Under pure assistance, the rescuer only needs to meet the standard of implementing the rescue. The rescuer needs to meet the standard of voluntary principle in the non pure assistance (including the assistance based on the contract obligation and legal obligation). The second chapter discusses the rule of the salvor's cognizance under the standard of implementing the salvage, and thinks the rescuer is the salvor. It includes the persons involved in the salvage personally and the owner or possessor of the ship or other property that provides assistance; the third chapter, around the principle of voluntariness, discusses whether the subject of salvage based on the obligation of the contract can become a salvor and the condition that the rescuer needs to meet, and is divided into the circumstances of the contract assistance, with the duty of towing or other In the case of contractual obligation, the three cases of the salvation of the salvor are discussed. The fourth chapter discusses whether the subject of voluntary assistance based on the voluntary principle can be the salvor and the conditions that the rescuer needs to meet, which is divided into the pilot, the state authority and the rescue of the captain with the legal obligation. With the development of the activities of the maritime Silk Road, the role of the salvage system will become more important. In view of the uncertainty in the legislation and the dispute in practice, the rules of the salvor's identification should be resolved as soon as possible. This article believes that the recognition of the general rules of the salvor is to be recognized at the same time, the recognition of the rescuers under the different types of assistance. It should not be generalized, but should be improved by classified discussion.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.294

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