电子提单实现流通性的法律研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 08:36

本文选题：电子提单 + 流通性　；参考：《上海社会科学院》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 提单已经成为国际贸易与国际航运的基石,尤其是其作为物权凭证的功能,极大地促进了国际贸易从实物交易向单证交易的转变,为国际贸易的繁荣奠定了良好的法律基础。但是,传统提单具有周转速度慢,易于欺诈等缺点。为了改变这一状况,随着电子商务全球化的发展,电子提单开始应用于实践,航运界相继进行了SeaDocs项目以及Bolero机制的尝试,在立法层面上,国际海事委员会于1990年通过了《电子提单规则》,国际海事委员会以及联合国货物贸易法委员会从2001年开始共同起草联合国运输法公约草案,目的是为了统一运输法的各项规则,这些努力都对电子提单的广泛使用提供了有利条件。虽然电子提单可以极大的节约人力成本,加快提单流转的速度,利用加密技术来保证提单的真实性,有效的杜绝各种诈骗活动,但是要使电子提单完全的取代传统的纸面提单制度仍然存在很多障碍,而国际上目前也没有建立起统一的电子提单法律规范,因此,本文试图通过分析国际上已有的电子提单立法或者商业实践来探究如何构建电子提单流通性的法律制度。基于电子提单在形式上大大有别于纸面提单,本文先对电子提单的定义做了探讨,指出电子提单真正实现纸面提单的传统功能可能会遇到何种法律障碍。然后,具体介绍了1983年的SeaDocs项目、1990年的CMI电子提单规则和1999年的Bolero电子提单机制的具体内容,分析了上述项目的成功或者失败的原因,接着就目前正在审议通过的联合国国际运输法公约草案中有关电子提单的相关规定进行进一步的分析和探讨,指出现有草案中的不足之处。本文同样介绍了我国在海商法领域对电子提单的使用以及立法情况,最后就电子提单实现流通性的法律机制的构建提出一点建议,期望国际以及国内立法机构能够充分借鉴电子提单商业实践中成功的经验和失败的教训,肯定电子提单的法律地位,制订完善的电子提单流通机制,适应航运界信息化的需求。
[Abstract]:Bill of lading has become the cornerstone of international trade and international shipping, especially its function as a document of rem, which has greatly promoted the transformation of international trade from physical transaction to document transaction, and has laid a good legal foundation for the prosperity of international trade. However, the traditional bill of lading has the shortcomings of slow turnover, easy to cheat and so on. In order to change this situation, with the development of electronic commerce globalization, electronic bill of lading began to be applied in practice, shipping industry has carried out SeaDocs project and Bolero mechanism, in the legislative level, The International Maritime Committee adopted the rules on Electronic Bills of Lading in 1990, and the International Maritime Committee and the United Nations Commission on goods Trade Law have jointly prepared the draft United Nations Convention on Transport Law since 2001, with a view to harmonizing the rules of transport law, These efforts have provided favourable conditions for the widespread use of electronic bills of lading. Although electronic bills of lading can greatly save human costs, speed up the flow of bills of lading, use encryption technology to ensure the authenticity of bills of lading, effectively eliminate all kinds of fraud activities. However, there are still many obstacles to make electronic bill of lading completely replace the traditional paper bill of lading system, and there is no uniform legal norm of electronic bill of lading in the world, so, This paper attempts to explore how to construct the circulating legal system of electronic bill of lading by analyzing the legislation or commercial practice of electronic bill of lading in the world. Based on the fact that the form of electronic bill of lading is greatly different from that of paper bill of lading, this paper first discusses the definition of electronic bill of lading, and points out what kind of legal obstacles electronic bill of lading may meet in realizing the traditional function of paper bill of lading. Then, it introduces the SeaDocs project of 1983, the rules of CMI electronic bill of lading in 1990 and the mechanism of Bolero electronic bill of lading in 1999, and analyzes the reasons for the success or failure of the above project. Then it makes further analysis and discussion on the relevant provisions of the draft United Nations Convention on International Transport Law concerning electronic bills of lading, and points out the shortcomings of the existing draft. This paper also introduces the use and legislation of electronic bill of lading in the field of maritime law in China. Finally, some suggestions are put forward on the construction of legal mechanism for realizing circulation of electronic bill of lading. It is expected that the international and domestic legislatures can draw lessons from the successful experience and failure of the commercial practice of electronic bill of lading, affirm the legal status of the electronic bill of lading, formulate a perfect circulation mechanism of the electronic bill of lading, and adapt to the needs of the informationization of the shipping industry.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D996.19;F740.4

【引证文献】