表见代理之研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 09:18

本文选题：表见代理 + 研究　；参考：《西南政法大学》2002年硕士论文

【摘要】： 表见代理，在英美法上又称不容否认的代理(agency by estoppel)，肇端于《德国民法典》，之后，一些主要国家的民商法典相继规定了这一制度。我国《民法通则》囿于制订时的客观情况，是否规定了这一制度，学术界认识不一，但即使是持肯定说的学者也认为它只是规定了这一制度的某些特殊情形，很不完善。《合同法》大胆而明确地规定了这一制度，但是对于表见代理的本质、构成要件、效力等重要问题，仍争论不断。本文运用历史的、比较的、经济的等多种研究手法，考察研究了国内外对表见代理的立法及司法实践情况，提出了自己的主张。全文除引言和结语外，分七个部分，约77000字。第一部分：表见代理的概述。本部分考察了表见代理制度产生的历史背景、立法与司法实践概况、表见代理的本质，并对表见代理的立法和司法实践进行了比较研究，认为该制度的产生是经济的、思想的、方法论的产物，是资本主义商品经济发展的必然结果。现代主要国家多有关于表见代理的立法和司法实践。我国自《合同法》才首次确立这一制度，表见代理实质是有权代理，属法定代理范畴。第二部分：表见代理的价值取向、功能和作用。私法分为民法和商法，商事主体和民事主体、商事行为和民事行为存在重大区别，由此决定着民事表见代理和商事表见代理有着不同的价值取向。商事表见代理的价值取向为相对人的交易安全，民事表见代理的价值取向则固守本人的享有安全。进而两者有着不同的功能和发挥着不同的作用。第三部分：表见代理的构成要件。对于表见代理的构成要件，学术界有单双要件说之争。根据对民商事表见代理的价值取向、功能和作用的区别认识，本文认为在商事表见代理中应采单要件说，在民事表见代理中则应采双要件说。民商事表见代理的共同构成要件为：一、行为人欠缺本人的授权；二、行为人有本人已经授与代理权的外观；三、相对人善意且无过失；四、行为人代理权外观的形成与本人言行有关；五、相对人的法律地位已经发生改变。在此基础上，民事表见代理的成立还应具备本人有过错的要件。同时，表见代理的成立具备上述要件已足，还要求一般构成要件纯属多此一举。第四部分：表见代理的类型。传统上按表见代理的形成原因，将其分为授懒示型、权限逾越型和代理权延续型的表见代理。除此之外，本文酗为，按照表见代理的行为性质可将其分为因合同订立及与合同密切相关的法律行为而发生的表见代理、因与合同密切相关的准民事法律行为而发生的表见代理及因与合同密切相关的事实行为而发生的表见代理，拓宽了《合同法》中表见代理的适用范围，弥补了传统分类方法上的不足。第五部分：表见代理的效力。表见代理发生有酬理的效果。主要应考察三个方面的效力作用：在本人与相对人方面，本人对相对人承担责任，不得以行为人欠敞授权为由否定表见代理的效力，，法律赋予本人追认权没有实质意义，且本人得直接请求相对腹行合同而无须先予追认，行为人不享有胸权；在行为人与相对人方面，双方不存在法律上的权利义务关系；在本人与行为人方面，在本人因行为人的表见代理行为而受有损失时，可发生本人的赔偿请求权，或者本人对行为人享有违请求权当。在行为人之行为构成人雕权时，还应承担人服权的法律责任。在本人因表见代理而受益时，可发生行为人的费用返蹦求权。第六部分：表见代理与其它代理类别的区别研究。表见代理与无权代理在本质、构成和法律后果等方面均有不同，与意定代理、其他法定代理虽同属有邯理，但仍有重大的区别，不容忽视。第七部分：对我国《合同法）｝表见代理制度的评价及司法对策。《合同法》明确规定这一制度，体现出更加重视交易安全，借鉴先进立法，而且明确按形成原因规定了表见代理的三种类型、明确界定其属有权代理等，均是其成功之处，但亦存在商法色彩过浓、条文缺乏操作性、适用范围过窄等欠缺。为此，本文初步提出了适用这一制度的司法对策，认为对《合同法》第49条在构成要件上应作限缩性解释，在适用范围上则应为目的性扩张，以期让这一制度能更有效地发挥作用。
[Abstract]:The agent (agency by estoppel), which is also called the undeniable agent in Anglo American law, is caused by the civil code of the German civil code. After that, the civil and commercial codes of some major countries have set up this system one after another. The scholar also thinks that it only stipulates some special circumstances of this system. It is not perfect. The contract law clearly stipulates this system, but it is still arguing about the essence of the agency, the elements and the effectiveness of the agency. The internal and external legislation and judicial practice of the agency by estoppel put forward its own proposition. Besides the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into seven parts, about 77000 words.
The first part is an overview of the agency. This section examines the historical background of the agency system, the general situation of legislation and judicial practice, the essence of the agency, and the comparative study of the legislation and judicial practice of the agency. It is considered that the production of the system is economic, ideological and methodological, and the capitalist commodity classics. The inevitable result of economic development. There are many modern major countries on the legislation and judicial practice of surrogate. China has established this system from the contract law for the first time. It is shown that the agent is the right agent, which belongs to the legal agency category.
The second part: the value orientation, function and function of the agent. The private law is divided into civil law and commercial law, business subject and civil subject, and there are significant differences between commercial and civil behavior. Thus, there are different values in the civil apparent agency and business statement agency. The business table sees the value orientation of the agent as the relative person's transaction. Safety, the value orientation of civil agency by estoppel sticks to its own safety, and the two have different functions and play different roles.
The third part: the constituent elements of an apparent agency. There is a single or double argument in the academic circle on the constitutive requirements of the agent. According to the distinction between the value orientation, function and function of the agent in the civil and commercial statement, this article thinks that the single element should be adopted in the agency of the business table, and the civil and commercial facts should be adopted in the civil statement. The common constitutive requirements of the agency are: first, the perpetrator is lacking in his own authorization; two, the actor has the appearance of the agency, and three, the relative person is good in good faith and without fault; four, the appearance of the agent's right of agency is related to his own words and deeds; five, the legal status of the relative has changed. On this basis, the civil form The establishment of an agent should also have the requisites for the fault. At the same time, the establishment of the agency is sufficient for the establishment of the above-mentioned elements.
The fourth part: the type of agency by estoppel.
In order to teach laziness, permissions of authority and agency are extended.
In accordance with the nature of agency by estoppel, it can be divided into contracts and contracts.
Agency by estoppel, as a result of the quasi civil juristic act which is closely related to the contract.
The agency by Estoppel and the agency by estoppel which are closely related to the contract.
The scope of application of apparent agency in the contract law has made up for the shortcomings of traditional classification methods.
The fifth part: the effect of apparent agency.
Examine the effectiveness of the three aspects: in the aspect of myself and the relative person, I undertake responsibility for the opposite party.
Ren shall not negate the effect of the apparent agency on the grounds of the lack of authorization of the actor.
The right to recognize is of no substantive significance, and I must directly request relative abdominal contracts without prior recognition.
The actor does not enjoy the right to chest; there is no legal right between the actor and the relative.
In relation to myself and the perpetrator, I am affected by the apparent agency practice of the actor.
In case of loss, I may have the right to claim compensation, or I shall have the right to claim against the perpetrator.
When the behavior of a perpetrator constitutes the right of engraving, he should also bear the legal liability of the right to perform.
Benefit from agency by estoppel may occur when the cost of the actor is returned.
The sixth part: the study of the difference between Estoppel and other agency categories.
There are differences in nature, composition and legal consequences.
Although they belong to Han Li, there are still significant differences that can not be ignored.
The seventh part: the evaluation and judicial countermeasures of the agency system in China's contract law.
The same law clearly stipulates that this system reflects more emphasis on transaction security and advanced legislation.
Clearly, the three types of agency by estoppel are defined according to the reasons of formation.
And so on, all of which are successful, but there are also too many commercial laws.
For this reason, this article initially puts forward judicial countermeasures for the system.
The forty-ninth articles of the contract law shall be constrictive in terms of the constitutive requirements, and shall be applied in the scope of application.
Sexual expansion in order to make this system more effective.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：D923

【引证文献】