论期租合约下船长的法律地位

发布时间：2018-07-02 10:37

本文选题：论期 + 合约　；参考：《西南政法大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以海上货物运输中的船长为研究对象,以定期租船方式为背景,分析了船长在整个运输期间所拥有的权利和承担的义务以及与之有关的法律责任。从船长与船舶所有人、承租人以及货物所有人之间的法律关系的角度,探讨期租合约下船长所具有的特殊法律地位。本文除前言外共五个部分。论文的第一部分在于探讨船长与其他海上运输当事方,即船舶所有人、货物所有人、承租人以及船员之间的法律关系。船长与船舶所有人之间的法律关系,在大陆法系国家与英美法系国家之间存在差别。根据大陆法系的相关理论,船长与船舶所有人之间首先存在着雇佣关系,在此基础上,还存在对内的委任关系和对外的代理关系,而耳船长所拥有的代理权除了委托代理权外,还有法定代理权。在英美法系国家,船长同时满足代理人、代表人和雇员的条件,但由于英美法中代理的范畴很广泛,因此可以代理关系进行概括。在我国的法律制度下,当船舶所有人为在我国境内的海上运输企业时,船长与船舶所有人之间的法律关系的性质为劳动关系,其明显特征在于双方受劳动基准规范的干预较大,自由协商空间相对较小。作为船舶所有人的代理人的船长,为了协助船舶所有人履行好与承租人之间订立的期租合约下的义务,对于航运范畴之外的营运事务应当听从承租人的指示,对承租人负责。如果承租人专门为此与船长签定代理协议,则产生委托代理关系或协议代理关系。但在多数情况下双方并无代理协议,此时可用法律自动构成代理或默示权限理论来解释船长拥有的代理权。根据合同的相对性原理,船长与货物所有人之间并没有直接的法律关系。但是,如果出现紧急情况危急货物所有人的利益,而船长无法与之联系或时间的经过会导致损失的急剧扩大时,根据大陆法上的法定代理理论或英美法上的紧急代理理论,船长就成为货物所有人的代理人而拥有对货物的临时处分权。在大陆法上,船长包括在船员的范畴之内,而在英美法中,船员是不包括船长的,有关船员的立法大都不适用于船长。我国海商法虽采用合并规定的方式,但又专门规定了船长的权利义务,因而实际上船长与船员也是存在很大差别的。在船长与船员之间,存在着命令与服从、管理与被管
[Abstract]:This paper takes the captain of the sea cargo transportation as the research object, taking the time chartering method as the background, analyzes the rights and obligations of the captain during the whole period of transportation and the related legal liability. From the point of view of the legal relationship between the master and the shipowner, charterer and cargo owner, this paper discusses the special legal status of the master under the term charter contract. This paper consists of five parts except the preface. The first part of the thesis is to explore the legal relationship between the master and other parties to maritime transport, that is, ship owner, cargo owner, charterer and crew. The legal relationship between master and shipowner is different between civil law countries and common law countries. According to the relevant theories of civil law system, there exists employment relationship between master and owner of the ship, and on this basis, there is also the relationship of internal appointment and external agency, and the agent power of Captain Earl has not only the power of entrustment, but also the power of agency. There is also a statutory agency. In Anglo-American law countries, the captain satisfies the conditions of agent, representative and employee at the same time, but because the scope of agency is very wide in Anglo-American law, the agent relationship can be summarized. Under the legal system of our country, when the owner of a ship is a maritime transport enterprise in our country, the nature of the legal relationship between the master and the owner of the ship is labor relationship, the obvious characteristic of which is that the two parties are greatly interfered by the standard of labor. Free negotiation space is relatively small. The master, as the agent of the shipowner, in order to assist the shipowner to fulfill his obligations under the term charter contract with the charterer, shall obey the instructions of the charterer and be responsible to the charterer for the business affairs outside the scope of shipping. If the charterer signs an agency agreement with the captain for this purpose, a principal-agent relationship or an agreement agency relationship arises. However, in most cases, there is no agency agreement between the two parties, at this time the law can automatically constitute the agent or implied authority theory to explain the master's power of agency. According to the principle of relativity of contract, there is no direct legal relationship between the captain and the owner of the goods. However, in the event of an emergency in which the owner's interests of the cargo owner are critical and the captain's inability to communicate with him or the passage of time may result in a sharp expansion of the loss, under the statutory agency theory of civil law or the emergency agency theory in common law, The master becomes the agent of the owner of the goods and has the right to dispose of the goods temporarily. In continental law, the master is included in the category of crew, while in common law, the crew does not include the master, and the legislation on crew does not apply to the master. Although the maritime law of our country adopts the method of merger and regulation, it also specifies the rights and obligations of the captain, so in fact the captain and the crew are also very different. Between the captain and the crew, there is command and obedience, management and control
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D996.19;D912.29

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