中国典当法律问题探析

发布时间：2018-07-03 00:40

本文选题：典当 + 典当行　；参考：《武汉大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：典当作为一种灵活便利的融资方式在我国由来已久,绵亘古今中外。它专指当户将一定的标的移交典当机构占有换取当金的行为;当户有权在一定的当期内向典当机构偿还当金本息及其他合理费用赎回原当物;但过期不赎成为死当,典当机构则获得该当物的所有权或以该当物变价而优先受偿。典当是人类社会经济生活中多种融资方式中的一种,相比于其他融资方式具有方便、快捷、便民等特点,在当今社会中有其独特的存在价值。然而典当在新中国发展近二十年来,至今尚游离在民事法律规范之外,虽然典当行业主管部门也颁布了相应的管理规则,但这些规则在可操作性、法律概念的界定以及规则的合理性等方面存在许多不足之处,典当实践与我国传统民法理论相脱节。本文基于我国典当业的实际,结合传统民法理论,对典当关系的法律性质、社会意义、法规规定的不足等方面进行了法理分析,并在此基础上阐述了典当立法的基本设想。文章分为五个方面进行阐述: 第一部分,阐述典当的基本法律问题。首先明确典当的基本概念、性质,以及典当双方的权利义务关系,以此树立典当基本法理理论,作为本文后面论述的支撑点。第二部分,介绍了我国典当业的历史流程和社会价值。分析了典当业在我国产生与发展的历史,并详细地阐述了其在当今的社会存在意义。第三部分,典当与其它近似法律制度的差异。探讨的是典当与典权、动产质押、买回、抵押制度的法律区别。第四部分,我国典当业的法律规范与不足。介绍了自典当业恢复以来,我国有关典当业的法规规定,分析了现有的典当管理办法与以往相比的改进之处,以及仍存在的不足,并着重从法理的角度剖析了典当实践中存在的房屋抵押、典当行收受赃物等问题,并提出了相应的解决方法。第五部分,完善我国典当立法之建议。根据典当业自身的特点以及其目前发展的状况,提出我们应该在机会成熟时考虑制定一部独立的典当商法,并对立法内容提出了较为具体的建议。
[Abstract]:Pawn, as a flexible and convenient financing method, has a long history in China. It specifically refers to the act of transferring a certain target to a pawn institution for gold; when the household has the right to repay the principal and interest of the money and other reasonable expenses to the pawnbroker for a certain period of time, the original property is redeemed; but not being redeemed out of date becomes a death's time. The pawnbroker acquires the title to the thing or gives priority to the change of price. Pawnshop is one of the various financing methods in human social and economic life. Compared with other financing methods, pawn has the characteristics of convenience, rapidity, convenience and so on, which has its unique existence value in today's society. However, since the development of pawnbroking in New China for nearly 20 years, it is still outside the civil legal norms. Although the competent department of pawn industry has also promulgated corresponding management rules, these rules are operable. There are many deficiencies in the definition of the legal concept and the rationality of the rules. The pawn practice is out of touch with the traditional civil law theory in China. Based on the practice of pawnbroking in our country and the traditional civil law theory, this paper analyzes the legal nature of pawn relation, the social significance and the deficiency of regulations, and then expounds the basic idea of pawn legislation. The article is divided into five aspects: the first part, the basic legal issues of pawn. Firstly, the basic concept and nature of pawn, as well as the relationship between the rights and obligations of pawn and pawn, are defined, so as to establish the basic legal theory of pawn as the supporting point discussed later in this paper. The second part introduces the historical process and social value of pawnbroking in China. This paper analyzes the history of the emergence and development of pawnbroking in China, and expounds in detail the significance of its existence in today's society. The third part, pawn and other similar legal system difference. This paper discusses the legal differences between pawning and pawning right, chattel pledge, purchase back and mortgage system. The fourth part, our country pawnbroker's legal norm and the insufficiency. This paper introduces the laws and regulations on pawnbroking since the restoration of pawnbroking, analyzes the improvement of the existing pawn management methods compared with the past, and the shortcomings that still exist. From the point of view of legal theory, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the practice of pawnshop, such as the mortgage of houses and the receipt of stolen goods by pawnbrokers, and puts forward the corresponding solutions. The fifth part, perfect our country pawn legislation suggestion. According to the characteristics of pawnbroking industry and its current development situation, this paper puts forward that we should consider making an independent pawnshop law when the opportunity is mature, and puts forward some concrete suggestions on the content of legislation.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D923

【引证文献】