网络不正当竞争行为的法律规制

发布时间：2018-07-07 08:39

本文选题：网络 + 不正当竞争　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随着计算机技术和电子通信技术的迅速发展,互联网也以难以想象的速度发展起来。网络给人们生活带来了前所未有的便利,也给经济发展带来了重大的发展机遇和无法想象的商业利益。由于网络世界缺乏成熟的商业习惯,网络法律滞后,在巨额商业利益的诱惑下,各种网络违法行为层出不穷,给反不正当竞争法造成了巨大的冲击。本文第一部分对网络的特点和网络不正当竞争的关系做了分析,同时介绍了网络反不正当竞争面临的问题。首先,由于网络的虚拟性、自由性、匿名性等特点,使得网络不正当竞争行为的行为主体、行为特点都与传统的不正当竞争行为有很大不同,导致了反不正当竞争法在网络世界的适用困难；其次,反不正当竞争法在制定之初参考国外模式采取了列举式结构,在适用上虽然具有明确具体的优点,但同时也留下了滞后性的弊端。这是网络不正当竞争行为蔓延的两大根源。此外,《反不正当竞争法》在对网络不正当竞争行为进行法律规制中与各部门法缺乏配合,《反不正当竞争法》一般条款不完善；行政监管技术落后,监管能力不足；网络法治观念不足等也影响着网络不正当竞争行为法律规制的效果。本文第二部分针对网络世界的发展对反不正当竞争法的巨大冲击,从对网络不正当竞争行为进行法律规制的必要性入手分析,论述网络反不正当竞争的法理基础。虽然自由性是网络的最为突出的特点,但是除了自由之外,秩序是文明社会存在的另一基石,自由在文明社会中是有界限的,任何自由都是法律限度内的自由,超出这个法律秩序界限便不能称之为自由是权利滥用。法律便是这种秩序价值的提供者。在现代社会的法治需要和网络世界的秩序价值缺失的共同作用下产生了对法律干预的必然需求。民商法的权利——义务模式调整个体的私益,而在私益至上的市场环境当中,靠个体各自私益的追求来完成社会公益的保护和实现市场的最优资源配置是不可能实现的。需要以协调个休营利性和社会公益性矛盾为价值追求的经济法的介入,在民商事法律调整之后对市场加以必要的干预,以实现公共利益和个体利益的平衡以及资源最优配置的目标。因此,网络世界的法律调整离不开经济法的干预。本文第三部分对热点网络不正当竞争行为展开论述,主要分析域名、网络链接、恶意软件这三种不正当竞争行为的规制现状和存在问题。对域名、网络链按、恶意软件不正当竞争行为的法律规制面临着行为主体的认定、反不正当竞争法列举缺失、损害数额难以确定等问题。在域名不正当竞争行为规制中存在着商标法适用不足的问题；在网络链接不正当竞争行为规制中存在着著作权法规制协调问题；在恶意软件不正当竞争行为的法律规制中存在着软件性质认定和软件专业性与鉴定手段落后之间的矛盾。本文第四部分针对网络不正当竞争行为的规制现状,提出了几点思考和建议。首先,从立法上采取“主法+单行法”的立法模式；同时要从基本原则、行为主体、主观方面、客观方面、危害结果五个方面完善我国反不正当竞争法的一般条款。其次,从行政监管层面上实行分层次分类型监管,通力合作,实现无缝监管；同时建立监管数据库,实现监管共享；还要开发监管软件,提高监管人员的业务素质。再次,要采用网络检索、网络弹窗控制、网络签名、ASP等多种技术手段防范网络不正当竞争行为。最后,在完善立法的同时,要加强对网络从业人员的法治宣传教育,转变被动守法,钻法律漏洞的陋习,提高依法经营诚信经营的能力。同时针对域名、网络链接、恶意软件不正当竞争分别提出立法和监管建议。针对网络不正当竞争行为的完善工作无疑是浩大的,不是一朝一夕之间可以完成,可能要经历十年甚至更长时间来完成。此时难以做到高屋建瓴,面面俱到。文中的不当之处还请各位老师指正
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of computer technology and electronic communication technology, the Internet has also developed at an unimaginable speed. The network has brought unprecedented convenience to people's life. It also brings great opportunities for development and unimaginable commercial interests for economic development. Because the network world lacks mature commercial habits and network law. Lagging behind, under the temptation of huge commercial interests, various network violations have emerged one after another, which has caused a great impact on the anti unfair competition law.
The first part of this paper makes an analysis of the characteristics of the network and the relationship between the unfair competition of the network. At the same time, it introduces the problems faced by the network anti unfair competition. First, because of the characteristics of the network's virtuality, freedom and anonymity, the behavior owners and the behavior characteristics of the network unfair competition behavior are all with the traditional unfair competition behavior. Great differences have led to the difficulties in the application of Anti Unfair Competition Law in the network world. Secondly, the anti unfair competition law has taken an enumerated structure to refer to the foreign model at the beginning of the formulation. Although it has clear and concrete advantages in its application, it has also left behind the malpractice of lag. This is the two root of the spread of the unfair competition behavior of the network. In addition, "Anti Unfair Competition Law" is lacking in coordination with various departments law in the legal regulation of unfair competition behavior in the network, "Anti Unfair Competition Law" is not perfect in general terms, the administrative supervision technology is backward, the supervision ability is insufficient, and the lack of the concept of network rule of law also affects the effect of legal regulation of the unfair competition behavior of the network.
The second part of this paper, aiming at the great impact of the development of the Internet world on the anti unfair competition law, analyzes the necessity of legal regulation of the unfair competition behavior of the network, and discusses the legal basis of the network anti unfair competition. Although freedom is the most prominent feature of the network, the order is a civilized society besides freedom. The other cornerstone that will exist is that freedom is bounded in the civilized society. Any freedom is freedom within the limits of the law. Beyond the limits of this legal order, freedom can not be called the abuse of freedom. The law is the provider of the value of this order. In the modern society, the rule of law needs to be combined with the lack of the order value of the network world. There is an inevitable demand for legal intervention. The rights and obligations of civil and commercial law adjust the private interests of the individual. In the market environment where the private interests are supreme, it is impossible to realize the protection of social public welfare and the optimal allocation of the market by the pursuit of individual private interests. The contradiction of public welfare is the intervention of the economic law of value pursuit, and the necessary intervention is made to the market after the adjustment of civil and commercial law in order to achieve the balance of public interest and individual interests and the goal of optimal allocation of resources. Therefore, the legal adjustment of the Internet world can not be separated from the intervention of economic law.
The third part of this paper discusses the unfair competition behavior of hot network, mainly analyzes the regulation status and existing problems of the three unfair competition behaviors of domain name, network link and malware. The legal regulation of the domain name, network chain, and malware unfair competition behavior is faced with the identification of the behavior subject, and the anti unfair competition law is listed. In the regulation of the unfair competition behavior of the domain name, there is a problem of the lack of trademark law in the regulation of the unfair competition behavior of the domain name; there is a problem of the regulation and coordination of copyright law in the regulation of the unfair competition behavior of the network link; and there is a software nature identification and soft law in the legal regulation of the malware unfair competition behavior. The contradiction between the professionalism and the backwardness of the means of identification.
The fourth part of this article, aiming at the current regulation of the unfair competition behavior of the network, puts forward some thoughts and suggestions. First, we should adopt the legislative model of "the main law and the single line" from the legislation; at the same time, we should improve the general provisions of the anti unfair competition law of China from the five aspects of the basic principles, the subject, the subjective aspect, the objective aspect and the harm result. Secondly, from the level of administrative supervision, we should carry out the Hierarchical Subdivision type supervision, cooperate fully and realize seamless supervision, establish the supervision database, realize the supervision sharing, and develop the supervision software to improve the quality of the supervisor's business. Again, we should adopt the network retrieval, the network window control, the network signature, the ASP and other technical means to guard against the net. At the same time, while perfecting the legislation, we should strengthen the publicity and education of the rule of law for the employees of the network, change the passive law-abiding, drill the bad habits of the legal loopholes, and improve the ability to manage the credit management according to law. At the same time, the legislation and supervision suggestions are put forward to the domain name, network link, and malware unfair competition.
It is no doubt that the perfect work for the unfair competition behavior of the network is great. It can not be completed overnight. It may take ten years or even longer to complete. It is difficult to achieve a strategically advantageous position.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.294

【参考文献】