海上救助人命优位权制度的构建

发布时间：2018-07-09 20:43

  本文选题：海上救助 + 人命优位权　； 参考：《社会科学》2016年04期

【摘要】：国际公约与国内法均规定了海难救助的范围不包括人命救助,纯人命救助无法获得救助报酬的规定可能引发救助人只救助财产而忽视救助人命的“道德困境”。在高风险的海上环境下,人命不具有优先被救助的地位以及人命救助报酬不能优先偿付加剧了这种“道德困境”风险的发生。而英国《1894年商船法》作为救助领域较为优秀的立法,规定了人命报酬能够独立支付并且优先支付的地位,此类规定能够有效的保证人命得到优先救助,为我国修改《海商法》提供有效借鉴。通过设立海上救助基金、确定人命救助独立报酬请求权、创设“类似SCOPIC条款”、制定强制性措施、调整救助报酬的分配、扩展救助报酬形式等措施构建海上人命优位制度。
[Abstract]:Both international conventions and domestic laws stipulate that the scope of salvage at sea does not include salvage of human life. The stipulation that the pure salvage of human life cannot obtain the reward of salvage may lead to the "moral dilemma" of rescuer only saving property but neglecting the salvage of human life. In the high risk sea environment, human life does not have the status of priority to be rescued, and the reward of life rescue cannot be paid first, which exacerbates the risk of moral dilemma. The British Merchant Shipping Act of 1894, as the better legislation in the field of salvage, provided for the status that the remuneration of human life could be paid independently and in priority. Such provisions could effectively ensure that life was given priority. For our country to amend the Maritime Code to provide effective reference. Through the establishment of the Maritime Rescue Fund, the establishment of the right to claim for independent remuneration for the salvage of life, the creation of "similar SCOPIC clauses", the establishment of compulsory measures, the adjustment of the distribution of the remuneration for salvage, and the expansion of the form of remuneration for salvage, the system of superior position of life at sea is constructed.
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本文编号：2110594