论我国外贸代理制度的不足及其完善

发布时间：2018-07-17 16:18

【摘要】： 现今的国际贸易中，大量的商事行为都是依靠代理完成的。商事代理人制度可以扩张商事主体的商事能力，扩大其经营活动的半径，对促进专业化分工、节约交易成本具有重要作用。现今的商事代理业务范围极广，种类繁多。就其范围而言，既发生于国内贸易之中，更活跃于国际贸易领域；既以有形商品为客体，又可以无形商品为对象。可以说商事代理在商品经济世界内，无所不在。国际经济贸易活动中代理人已经成为不可或缺的重要角色。例如日本，有7000多家代理机构，外贸代理额占其进出口总额的80％左右，德国60000多家，约占进出口总额30％。实行外贸代理制，是我国外贸体制改革的重要内容之一。传统的外贸代理制是我国特有的一种法律制度，是建立在外贸国家管制下的外贸专营权的基础上的有中国特色的产物。这样一种带有行政干预性质的代理制度的出现与经典的代理理论相悖，也造成了规范代理制度的法律体系的混乱。随着《对外贸易法》的修订，外贸专营权的取消，外贸代理也应该回归到自然的代理理论状态下：即作为商事代理的一种本来状态。本文论述共分为四章。第一章介绍两大法系代理理论与立法状况。两大法系的代理制度于存在共性的同时，也存在着相异的特性。大陆法系代理法的立法理论基础是区别论，而英美法系立法基础是被代理人与代理人的等同论。随着国际经济贸易的发展，两大法系在代理理论上出现了融合的趋势。《国际货物销售代理公约》便是一个显著的标志。它逾越了代理法在两大法系的鸿沟，达成了代理法律关系有限度的统一，是至今为止在统一代理法方面最成功、最完备的国际公约。第二章按照我国外贸代理制法律调整的演进的顺序，对不同时期下外贸代理法律制度的变迁和法律改进的表现，外贸代理法律体系的运作和矛盾冲突进行分析评述。传统的外贸代理制是我国特有的一种法律制度，是建立在外贸经营权垄断的基础之上的有中国特色的产物，在实践中出现了许多法律冲突。我国外贸代理法律制度尽管在历史上存在着行政干预的色彩，但随着加入WTO和对外贸易经营权的放开，我国的外贸代理法律制度从理论和实践来看都符合国际商事代理的特征，，是其典型形式之一。第三章指出以我国《对外贸易法》的修订为契机，对新形势下外贸代理法律制度进行新的法律定位，指出外贸代理应回归到商事代理的本质，同时分析阐述了现行法律体系对我国外贸代理法律制度的调整及其缺陷。本文在第四章中对我国外贸代理法律体系的完善提出了具体的建议，指出我国的外贸代理法律体系应该在继承大陆法系代理法传统的同时，最大限度地移植英美代理法的先进经验、借鉴国际上先进立法经验，并使之融入我国现有的民事立法与民法学说之中，完善我国的代理法律体系，同时应当将外贸代理作为一种普通的商事代理制度，在我国的基本民商法规则中予以规范，遵循市场交易的基本法律规范。
[Abstract]:In today's international trade, a large number of commercial acts are accomplished by proxy. The system of commercial agents can expand the business ability of the business subject, expand the radius of its business activities, and play an important role in promoting professional division of labor and saving the transaction cost. It takes place in the domestic trade and is more active in the field of international trade; it is not only the object of the tangible goods, but also the intangible goods. It can be said that the commercial agent is omnipresent in the commodity economy world. The agent has become an indispensable and important role in the international economic and trade activities. For example, there are more than 7000 agencies in Japan. The amount of foreign trade agency accounts for about 80% of its total import and export, more than 60000 in Germany and about 30%. of total import and export, which is one of the important contents of the reform of China's foreign trade system.
The traditional foreign trade agency system is a unique legal system in our country. It is a product of Chinese characteristics based on the foreign trade franchise under the control of foreign trade countries. This kind of agency system with administrative intervention is contrary to the classical agency theory, and has also created the confusion of the legal system of standardizing the agency system. With the revision of the foreign trade law and the cancellation of the foreign trade franchise, the agent of foreign trade should also return to the state of natural agency theory, that is, the original state of the commercial agent.
This article is divided into four chapters.
The first chapter introduces the agency theory and the legislative situation of the two major legal systems. The agency system of the two legal systems has the characteristics of dissimilarity. The legislative basis of the agency law of the continental law system is the distinction theory, while the legislative basis of the Anglo American law system is the same theory as the agent and the agent. With the development of the international economic and trade, the two major The law of legal system has a trend of integration in the agency theory. The Convention on Agency for international sales of goods is a marked sign. It oversteps the gap between the agency law in the two legal systems, and has reached a limited unity of agency legal relations. It is the most successful and complete International Convention on the unified agency law so far. The second chapter is in accordance with our foreign countries. The order of the evolution of the legal adjustment of trade agency system is analyzed and commented on the changes of the legal system of foreign trade agency and the performance of the legal improvement under different periods, the operation of the legal system of foreign trade agency and the conflict and conflict. The traditional foreign trade agency system is a special legal system in our country, which is based on the monopoly of the foreign trade management right. There are many conflicts of law in the practice of Chinese characteristics. Although China's foreign trade agency legal system has the color of administrative intervention in history, with the entry of WTO and the liberalized trade right of foreign trade, the legal system of foreign trade agency of our country is in accordance with the characteristics of international commercial agency from theory and practice. The third chapter points out that taking the amendment of the foreign trade law of our country as an opportunity to make a new legal position on the legal system of foreign trade agency under the new situation, points out that the foreign trade agency should return to the essence of commercial agency, and also analyzes and expounds the adjustment and defects of the current legal system on the legal system of foreign trade in our country. The four chapter puts forward specific suggestions on the perfection of the legal system of foreign trade agency in China, and points out that our foreign trade agency legal system should inherit the tradition of the agency law of the continental law system, transplant the advanced experience of the Anglo American agency law to the maximum, draw lessons from the advanced international legislation, and integrate it into the existing civil legislation in our country. In the theory of civil law, the legal system of our country should be perfected. At the same time, the foreign trade agency should be used as an ordinary commercial agency system. It should be standardized in the rules of basic civil and commercial law in our country and follow the basic legal norms of market trading.
【学位授予单位】：四川大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D922.295;D923

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