论海上保险中的最大诚信原则

发布时间：2018-08-23 13:05

【摘要】：当前在我国乃至全世界诚信危机已经成为关系市场经济能否健康发展的重要问题，我国迫切需要建立保险市场，而完善的保险市场又需要健全合理的保险法律制度。最大诚信原则是海上保险实践的一项最基本的原则。就海上保险制度而言，最大诚信的内涵远超过一般的诚信，，诚信原则化成的具体义务已为最大诚信原则所吸收。然而最大诚信原则作为保险法的重要原则在我国涉及保险的各项法律中都没有被确立，这样显然会影响保险立法的科学性和法律适用的正确性。本文首先通过第一章和第二章分别对诚信原则及最大诚信原则的历史沿革、本质及其功能的论述和行分析，提出了最大诚信原则是诚信原则在诚实信用上的更高要求，最大诚信原则的实质与诚信原则是相同的，是诚信原则在海上保险合同制度中的运用和自然发展，从而确立了在海上保险中，最大诚信原则是贯通双方权利义务中枢的观点。本文第三章通过比较分析的方法，结合典型案例，讨论了《1906年英国海上保险法》与我国《海商法》、《保险法》中关于最大诚信原则的内容。最大诚信原则对被保险人的要求主要体现在如实告知义务、保证义务以及危险增加的通知义务等，而保险人的义务主要包括说明义务、弃权与禁止反言、及时赔付义务等等。通过对比式的论述，笔者提出在我国《海商法》中确立最大诚信原则的观点，同时阐述了应当适当引入投保人概念以完善告知制度，补充保证的含义、性质、履行范围的规定以健全保证制度，通过设置保险人解除权的时间限制等手段适当的减轻被保险人的义务。通过上述论述可以看出，在海上保险中，最大诚信原则对被保险人和保险人双方都具有约束力。本文最后通过对最大诚信原则的现状和未来的分析，说明了确立最大诚信原则的积极意义。本文试图通过对海上保险中最大诚信原则进行较为完整的论述，以期对完善我国关于最大诚信原则立法和实践有所裨益。
[Abstract]:At present, the credit crisis in our country and even the whole world has become an important issue related to the healthy development of the market economy. Our country urgently needs to establish the insurance market, and the perfect insurance market needs to perfect the reasonable insurance legal system. The principle of maximum good faith is one of the most basic principles of marine insurance practice. As far as marine insurance system is concerned, the connotation of maximum good faith is far more than that of general good faith, and the concrete obligation formed by the principle of good faith has been absorbed by the principle of maximum good faith. However, the principle of maximum good faith, as an important principle of insurance law, has not been established in all the laws concerning insurance in China, which will obviously affect the scientific nature of insurance legislation and the correctness of its application. Firstly, through the analysis of the historical evolution, essence and function of the principle of good faith and the principle of maximum good faith in the first and second chapters, this paper puts forward that the principle of maximum good faith is the higher request of the principle of good faith in good faith. The essence of the principle of maximum good faith is the same as the principle of good faith, which is the application and natural development of the principle of good faith in the system of marine insurance contracts, thus establishing the view that the principle of maximum good faith is the center of rights and obligations of both parties in marine insurance. In the third chapter, by means of comparative analysis and combined with typical cases, the contents of the principle of maximum good faith in "1906 British Maritime Insurance Law" and "Maritime Law" and "Insurance Law" in China are discussed. The requirements of the principle of maximum good faith for the insured are mainly embodied in the obligation of truthful notification, the obligation of guarantee and the obligation of notification of increasing danger, while the obligation of the insurer mainly includes the obligation of explanation, waiver and estoppel, obligation to pay promptly and so on. Through the comparative discussion, the author puts forward the viewpoint of establishing the principle of maximum good faith in Maritime Law of our country, and expounds that the concept of policy holder should be properly introduced in order to perfect the system of informing, supplement the meaning and nature of guarantee. The scope of performance should improve the system of guarantee and reduce the obligations of the insured by means of setting the time limit of the insurer's right of rescission. From the above discussion, we can see that in marine insurance, the principle of maximum good faith is binding on both the insured and the insurer. At the end of this paper, through the analysis of the present situation and the future of the principle of maximum good faith, the positive significance of establishing the principle of maximum good faith is explained. This paper attempts to make a more complete exposition of the principle of maximum good faith in marine insurance in order to perfect the legislation and practice of the principle of maximum good faith in China.
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D912.29;D912.28

【相似文献】