国际海运中承运人适航责任研究
发布时间：2018-09-06 10:10
【摘要】： 在国际海运中,承运人作为货物运输合同的履行主体,其义务分配、责任分担和免责规定与合同各当事人利益密切相关,可以说承运人的责任制度构成了整个国际海运法律制度的基础和核心。而承运人的适航责任和管货责任又是承运人责任制度的两大核心内容,只要厘清适航和管货的法律责任就基本上了解和掌握了整个国际海上货物运输法律制度。承运人的适航责任历来是海商法关注的焦点内容,理论界和实务界对适航标准的理解也均无统一认定。同时,新近通过的“堪称21世纪海商法领域的一次革命”的《鹿特丹规则》,是继海牙规则、维斯比规则、汉堡规则之后,第四个统一的国际货物运输合同公约。新公约致力于真正实现海上货物运输法律制度的国际统一,是海上国际货物运输中平衡各方利益的最新发展成果,其中对承运人适航责任制度的也作出了突破性规定,基于此,本文试图通过对船舶适航性的解读,并采用法的价值分析和法经济学分析的方法,对适航责任制度中的若干有争议的法律问题,在结合鹿特丹规则中最新理论成果基础上进行分析,以期对我国将来《海商法》的完善提供些许借鉴。 本文共分为四个部分。第一部分“承运人适航责任归责原则的历史演变”,重现了不同时期船舶适航性的发展历程,揭示了承运人适航责任由绝对适航到相对适航,由相对适航再到绝对适航的演进路径。第二部分“承运人适航责任制度中若干法律问题研究”,通过对船舶的主观适航和客观适航的分析,为大陆法系国家对船舶适航性的把握提供思路;对首要义务与航海过失免责做了细致的探讨,为明确二者与适航责任之间的关系做足理论储备。第三部分“承运人适航责任的价值分析”,从法的价值分析和法经济分析层面,对承托双方的适航责任合理分配及废除海航过失免责做出价值分析。第四部分“承运人适航责任的未来发展态势及我国海商法的应对”,得出“私法公法化趋势愈加明显“这一船舶适航未来发展趋势;并对完善我国未来《海商法》提供建设性意见:在重塑我国适航义务之基础性地位及废除航海过失免责条款的同时,应通过修改免责条款、排除瓦里斯库拉原则的适用、举证责任的重新分配等制度安排构建船货双方利益新平衡。
[Abstract]:In International Maritime transport, the carrier, as the subject of performance of the contract of carriage of goods, has a close relationship with the interests of the parties to the contract in terms of its distribution of obligations, liability sharing and exemption. It can be said that the carrier's liability system constitutes the basis and core of the whole international maritime legal system, and the carrier's seaworthiness liability and cargo handling liability are also the carrier's liability. As long as we clarify the legal liability of seaworthiness and cargo handling, we can basically understand and grasp the whole international legal system of carriage of goods by sea. The Rotterdam Rules is the fourth unified Convention on Contracts for the international carriage of goods following the Hague Rules, the Visby Rules and the Hamburg Rules. The latest development of Yip, which also makes a breakthrough in the carrier's seaworthiness liability system, based on this, this paper attempts to interpret the seaworthiness of the ship, and use the method of value analysis and law and economics analysis, on the seaworthiness liability system in a number of controversial legal issues, the latest in combination with the Rotterdam Rules. On the basis of theoretical analysis, we hope to provide some references for the perfection of China's maritime law in the future.
This paper is divided into four parts. The first part is the historical evolution of the doctrine of liability fixation for carrier's seaworthiness, which reproduces the development of the seaworthiness of ships in different periods, reveals the evolution path of carrier's seaworthiness liability from absolute seaworthiness to relative seaworthiness, from relative seaworthiness to absolute seaworthiness. Through the analysis of the subjective seaworthiness and objective seaworthiness of the ship, this paper provides some ideas for the countries of continental law system to grasp the seaworthiness of the ship; makes a detailed discussion on the primary obligation and the maritime fault exemption, and makes a sufficient theoretical reserve to clarify the relationship between the two and the seaworthiness liability. The value analysis of liability, from the value analysis of law and the economic analysis of law, makes a value analysis on the reasonable allocation of airworthiness liability and the abolition of maritime negligence exemption. It also provides constructive suggestions for perfecting China's Maritime Law in the future: while reshaping the basic status of China's seaworthiness obligations and abolishing the maritime negligence exemption clause, it is necessary to modify the exemption clause to exclude the application of the Valiscula principle and redistribute the burden of proof. New balance of interests.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D996.19
本文编号：2226020
[Abstract]:In International Maritime transport, the carrier, as the subject of performance of the contract of carriage of goods, has a close relationship with the interests of the parties to the contract in terms of its distribution of obligations, liability sharing and exemption. It can be said that the carrier's liability system constitutes the basis and core of the whole international maritime legal system, and the carrier's seaworthiness liability and cargo handling liability are also the carrier's liability. As long as we clarify the legal liability of seaworthiness and cargo handling, we can basically understand and grasp the whole international legal system of carriage of goods by sea. The Rotterdam Rules is the fourth unified Convention on Contracts for the international carriage of goods following the Hague Rules, the Visby Rules and the Hamburg Rules. The latest development of Yip, which also makes a breakthrough in the carrier's seaworthiness liability system, based on this, this paper attempts to interpret the seaworthiness of the ship, and use the method of value analysis and law and economics analysis, on the seaworthiness liability system in a number of controversial legal issues, the latest in combination with the Rotterdam Rules. On the basis of theoretical analysis, we hope to provide some references for the perfection of China's maritime law in the future.
This paper is divided into four parts. The first part is the historical evolution of the doctrine of liability fixation for carrier's seaworthiness, which reproduces the development of the seaworthiness of ships in different periods, reveals the evolution path of carrier's seaworthiness liability from absolute seaworthiness to relative seaworthiness, from relative seaworthiness to absolute seaworthiness. Through the analysis of the subjective seaworthiness and objective seaworthiness of the ship, this paper provides some ideas for the countries of continental law system to grasp the seaworthiness of the ship; makes a detailed discussion on the primary obligation and the maritime fault exemption, and makes a sufficient theoretical reserve to clarify the relationship between the two and the seaworthiness liability. The value analysis of liability, from the value analysis of law and the economic analysis of law, makes a value analysis on the reasonable allocation of airworthiness liability and the abolition of maritime negligence exemption. It also provides constructive suggestions for perfecting China's Maritime Law in the future: while reshaping the basic status of China's seaworthiness obligations and abolishing the maritime negligence exemption clause, it is necessary to modify the exemption clause to exclude the application of the Valiscula principle and redistribute the burden of proof. New balance of interests.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D996.19
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前6条
1 张丽娜;国际集装箱运输中集装箱缺陷引致货损的法律责任承担[D];大连海事大学;2011年
2 赵静;海上货物运输中承运人适航义务研究[D];天津财经大学;2011年
3 伍健鸿;《鹿特丹规则》下承运人责任制度研究[D];华东理工大学;2012年
4 陈琳;论《鹿特丹规则》承运人责任制度[D];吉林大学;2013年
5 佟思进;国际海上货物运输承运人责任制度演变研究[D];华东政法大学;2013年
6 黄晓鸽;海商法中的承运人责任制度研究[D];华东政法大学;2013年
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