消灭时效的历史渊源与发展趋势

发布时间：2018-09-08 19:14

【摘要】： 消灭时效是民商法体系中不可或缺的重要制度。它所涉及的内容十分丰富,在司法实践中的运用也十分广泛。消灭时效制度对每一个人、每一种权利都息息相关,各国立法几乎都有对权利的行使加以限制的时效制度的规定,但在立法体例和内容上各有千秋。我国于1986年颁布的《民法通则》中,首次以基本法律的形式规定了“诉讼时效”制度。此举在确保人民法院合适、合法、及时的解决民事纠纷等方面,具有十分重要的意义。但是,由于该法颁布于我国改革开放初期,当时的民事立法只是较为简单的移植社会主义计划经济时代的苏联民法,因此,该制度在实施过程中存在着一系列问题,日益影响我国民事活动的正常流转。长期以来,我国民事时效制度都属于“冷门”,对于该问题的研究一直不够深入,存在着的一系列问题也始终得不到有效解决,这也使得对消灭时效制度的理论研究显得越来越重要。我国目前对消灭时效研究基本上围绕现有立法进行,在方法上采用简单的实证分析法,没有从法律史角度应用历史方法、比较法方法进行系统分析、比较分析和文化探索,因此无法对消灭时效制度的发展趋势作出估量与判断。要深入研究一种法律制度,首先就应当了解这种制度产生的历史背景。只有清晰把握该制度产生的来龙去脉,我们才能进行正确的文化探索,归纳出该制度的未来发展动态。本文以消灭时效的起源、形成、继承与改革为线索,从法律史角度应用历史方法、比较法方法,对比分析大陆法系的消灭时效、英美法系的出诉期限、社会主义法系的诉讼时效之间的联系与区别。重点介绍法国、德国、日本、英国、前苏联的时效制度发展状况。本文的创新之处就在于以深入探究不同法文化背景下消灭时效的历史源流为前提,对消灭时效的未来发展趋势做出了系统归纳与总结。这一理论成果将为我国民商法时效概念(内涵与外延)的完善,为我国时效体系的构建提供一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:Extinguishing prescription is an indispensable and important system in the system of civil and commercial law. It involves a lot of content and is widely used in judicial practice. The system of extinguishing prescription is closely related to every person and every right. Almost all countries have the stipulation of limitation on the exercise of right in legislation, but they have their own legislative style and content. In the General principles of Civil Law promulgated in 1986, the system of "limitation of action" was first stipulated in the form of basic law. This is of great significance in ensuring proper, legal and timely settlement of civil disputes in people's courts. However, since this law was promulgated in the early stage of reform and opening up in China, the civil legislation at that time was only a relatively simple transplant of the Soviet civil law in the socialist planned economy era. Therefore, there were a series of problems in the implementation of the system. It is increasingly affecting the normal circulation of civil activities in our country. For a long time, the civil prescription system in our country has been regarded as a "cold door". The research on this issue has not been thorough enough, and a series of existing problems have never been effectively solved. This also makes the theoretical study of the elimination prescription system more and more important. At present, the research on the prescription of extermination in our country is basically carried out around the existing legislation. In the method of empirical analysis, there is no systematic analysis, comparative analysis and cultural exploration from the point of view of the legal history, the comparative method and the historical method. Therefore, it is impossible to estimate and judge the development trend of the prescription system. In order to study a legal system in depth, we should first understand the historical background of this system. Only if we clearly grasp the origin of the system, we can make a correct cultural exploration and sum up the future development of the system. Based on the clue of the origin, formation, inheritance and reform of the prescription of extermination, this paper applies the historical method and the method of comparative law from the angle of legal history, and compares and analyzes the extinction limitation of the civil law system and the time limit of the Anglo-American legal system. The relationship and difference between the limitation of Action in Socialist legal system. Emphasis is placed on the development of the prescription system in France, Germany, Japan, Britain and the former Soviet Union. The innovation of this paper lies in the premise of deeply exploring the historical origin of the prescription of extermination under the background of different legal cultures, and making a systematic induction and summary of the future development trend of the prescription of extermination. This theoretical achievement will provide some reference value for the perfection of the concept (connotation and extension) of the limitation of civil and commercial law in our country and the construction of the prescription system in our country.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D923

【相似文献】