船舶优先权的国际规则及我国的立法完善
发布时间：2018-09-11 05:56
【摘要】： 船舶优先权之所以成为海商法体系中较为有代表性的一种法律制度，是因为船舶优先权是以船舶等海上财产为标的的财产权利。随着社会生活和海上运输的发展，以及海运业中的利益多元化，各国权利利益的冲突不断加剧列。因此，作为海商法中争议较多的船舶优先权制度急需进一步完善，如船舶优先权的性质、标的、项目等方面。船舶优先权的立法价值是为了保障利益的平衡，即立法者保护船舶优先权人的利益能够得到最大程度实现，又兼顾其他利益，这正是本文写作的出发点和研究方向。本文首先对国际公约和各主要海运国家有关船舶优先权制度进行了理论和实践的比较与分析。并在此基础上提出问题，结合我国海商法中的相关规定，明确得出以下结论。第一，作为一种实体权利，船舶优先权的性质属于海商法所特有的一种担保制度。第二，，船舶优先权的标的不能仅限于船舶，这种规定不利于我国的利益平衡，而应当扩大到船舶属具、运费及附属权利。第三，在船舶优先权项目方面，我国应对海商法现行规定的项目予以增加，如必需品供应优先权、清除沉船费用索赔请求权和共同海损的分摊请求权等项目。
[Abstract]:The reason why maritime lien has become a representative legal system in maritime law system is that maritime lien is a property right with the object of maritime property such as ship. With the development of social life and maritime transportation, as well as the diversity of interests in the maritime transport industry, the conflicts of rights and interests of various countries have been aggravated. Therefore, the maritime lien system, as a controversial maritime law, is in urgent need of further improvement, such as the nature of maritime liens, the subject matter, items and so on. The legislative value of maritime liens is to ensure the balance of interests, that is, legislators to protect the interests of maritime liens can be realized to the greatest extent, while taking into account other interests, which is the starting point and research direction of this paper. In this paper, the comparison and analysis of the international conventions and the maritime lien system are made in theory and practice. On the basis of this, the author puts forward some questions, and draws the following conclusions by combining the relevant provisions of China's maritime law. Firstly, as a kind of substantive right, maritime lien belongs to a special security system of maritime law. Second, the subject matter of maritime liens should not be limited to ships, which is not conducive to the balance of interests of our country, but should be extended to ship ownership, freight and subsidiary rights. Third, with regard to maritime liens, China should increase the items currently stipulated in Maritime Law, such as the priority of supply of necessities, the right to claim for sunken expenses and the right to share general average, etc.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D922.294;D996.19
本文编号：2235753
[Abstract]:The reason why maritime lien has become a representative legal system in maritime law system is that maritime lien is a property right with the object of maritime property such as ship. With the development of social life and maritime transportation, as well as the diversity of interests in the maritime transport industry, the conflicts of rights and interests of various countries have been aggravated. Therefore, the maritime lien system, as a controversial maritime law, is in urgent need of further improvement, such as the nature of maritime liens, the subject matter, items and so on. The legislative value of maritime liens is to ensure the balance of interests, that is, legislators to protect the interests of maritime liens can be realized to the greatest extent, while taking into account other interests, which is the starting point and research direction of this paper. In this paper, the comparison and analysis of the international conventions and the maritime lien system are made in theory and practice. On the basis of this, the author puts forward some questions, and draws the following conclusions by combining the relevant provisions of China's maritime law. Firstly, as a kind of substantive right, maritime lien belongs to a special security system of maritime law. Second, the subject matter of maritime liens should not be limited to ships, which is not conducive to the balance of interests of our country, but should be extended to ship ownership, freight and subsidiary rights. Third, with regard to maritime liens, China should increase the items currently stipulated in Maritime Law, such as the priority of supply of necessities, the right to claim for sunken expenses and the right to share general average, etc.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D922.294;D996.19
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本文编号：2235753
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