论公法和私法在我国市场经济中的作用

发布时间：2018-09-19 14:34

【摘要】： 市场经济关系主要是依靠私法来调整，但是其正常发展则必须由公法来保障。公法并不能替代私法对经济关系进行单独调整，它的作用就是要为私法调整经济关系扫清障碍，将市场经济还原到民商法可以自由、有效发挥作用的状态。作为私法的民商法是调整社会经济关系的主导力量，但是民商法自身的缺陷使其不能独立承担起调整市场经济关系的重任，而必须求助于其它能够弥补其不足的公法法律部门。公法和私法在我国市场经济中的作用是本文的中心问题，也是重心所在。公法和私法通过何种方式、何种途径对社会主义性质的市场经济运行发挥作用，以及发挥何种作用，二者应当在哪些方面需要改进和协调以便共同对市场经济的发展提供有力的法律保障，均为本文拟解决的关键问题。在各国市场经济的实践中，“市场”当仁不让地成为经济发展的主角，而“国家”在经济发展过程中的角色也举足轻重。现代国家最主要的作用就是为市场发挥功效创造一个公平有序的清洁的环境，包括“政府”参与市场经济和“国家”干预市场行为两个方面。经济基础决定了包括法律在内的上层建筑的形态，无论是“市场”的正常运行，还是“政府”的经济行为，亦或是“国家”的干预措施，都需要有完善的法律体系为依托和保障。具体在公法与私法对市场经济的作用方面，提出公法作为“看得见的手”在宏观经济层面具有直接调控的作用(即宏观调控)，在微观经济层面具有间接规制的作用(即市场规制)；私法作为“看不见的手”在微观经济层面直接规范主体参与市场的行为。根据我国目前市场经济的实际情况，必须通过公法、私法的二元结构，共同维护健康稳定的市场经济秩序。通过私法对市场主体资格的确立，从静态、动态两方面对物权法律制度和契约法律制度的保护，维护市场经济的基础运行秩序。通过公法对国民经济整体运行秩序和市场经济的竞争秩序的调整，为市场经济的快速、健康发展提供保障。由于私法和公法在作用于市场经济时都存在缺陷，我国的市场经济又具有转型经济国家和发展中国家的很多特性，，就要求我们必须做到公法和私法在我国市场经济中作用的良性互动，更好地为我国市场经济的发展奠定良好的法律基础。
[Abstract]:The relation of market economy mainly depends on private law to adjust, but its normal development must be protected by public law. Public law can not replace private law to adjust economic relations separately, its function is to clear the obstacle for private law to adjust economic relations, to restore the market economy to the state that civil and commercial law can play its role freely and effectively. The civil and commercial law, as a private law, is the leading force to adjust the social and economic relations. However, the defects of the civil and commercial law itself make it unable to take on the responsibility of adjusting the market economy relationship independently, and it must turn to other public law departments which can make up for its deficiency. The role of public law and private law in our market economy is the central issue and the center of gravity. (a) the manner in which public and private law play a role in the functioning of the socialist market economy, and in what way, What aspects should be improved and coordinated in order to provide a strong legal guarantee for the development of the market economy are the key problems to be solved in this paper. In the practice of market economy in various countries, "market" becomes the protagonist of economic development, and "country" plays an important role in the process of economic development. The most important role of modern countries is to create a fair and orderly clean environment for the effectiveness of market, including "government" participation in market economy and "state" intervention in market behavior. The economic base determines the form of superstructure, including the law, whether it is the normal operation of the "market", the economic behavior of the "government", or the intervention of the "state". All need to have a sound legal system for the support and protection. In terms of the role of public and private law in the market economy, Public law, as a "visible hand", has the function of direct regulation at the macro-economic level (i.e. macro-control) and indirect regulation at the microeconomic level (i.e. market regulation). Private law, as an invisible hand, directly regulates the subject's participation in the market at the microeconomic level. According to the actual situation of market economy in our country, we must jointly maintain the healthy and stable market economic order through the dual structure of public law and private law. Through the establishment of the qualification of the market subject in private law, the legal system of real right and the legal system of contract are protected from the static and dynamic aspects, and the basic operating order of the market economy is maintained. The adjustment of public law to the whole operation order of the national economy and the competition order of the market economy provides the guarantee for the rapid and healthy development of the market economy. Due to the defects of private law and public law when they act on the market economy, the market economy of our country has many characteristics of countries with economies in transition and developing countries. It requires us to achieve the positive interaction of public law and private law in the market economy of our country, and lay a good legal foundation for the development of our market economy.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D922.29

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