论提单运输货物交付法律关系

发布时间：2018-09-19 20:42

【摘要】：本论文将无正本提单交货制度作为研究对象。论文的结构从提单运输货物交付法律关系概述、提单运输货物交付法律关系的主体、提单运输货物交付法律关系的内容、承运人无正本提单放货的法律分析及对我国海商法的修改意见角度构建。本文共分四章。第一章提单运输货物交付法律关系概述。在该章中，首先，从提单运输货物交付法律关系的概念入手，分析货物交付法律关系的性质。然后，对构成提单运输货物交付法律关系的各要素，即该法律关系的主体、内容以及客体作介绍。最后，总结和提升提单运输货物交付法律关系的法律性质。第二章提单运输货物交付法律关系的主体。由于提单法律关系的特殊性，在实践中对提单货物交付法律关系的主体识别存在各种争议。因此，在本章中，作者分别介绍了该法律关系的权利主体和义务主体，即第一节中的承运人及实际承运人、第二节中的托运人及第三节中的提单持有人，的识别困难和相关观点，同时结合案例表明了自己对各种情况下如何认定承运人、实际承运人、托运人及提单持有人的立场。特别是对承运人的识别问题，在第一节中不仅介绍了各国法律的不同规定和案例，并且细述了船长签发提单及承运人签发提单的不同情形下如何识别承运人。该章还阐述了识别实际承运人的条件。同时论述了承运人和实际承运人的关系和责任问题。在最后提出了对海商法相关条文的修改意见。第三章提单运输货物交付法律关系的内容。本章中，首先概述了承运人在提单法律关系下具有的义务。随后具体解释了承运人的各项义务，包括不得迟延交付货物的义务的涵义、义务来源、违反该义务的责任及承运人的抗辩；以及凭正本提单交付货物的义务的涵义、该义务的来源及法律分析。承运人不得迟延交付货物及凭正本提单交付的义务来源于法律的规定。我国《海商法》在规定承运人凭正本提单交付货物的义务时，未将记名提单区别于其他提单。根据现行《海商法》的规定，不论是记名提单，或指示、空白提单，承运人均有义务凭正本提单交付货物。事实上，这不符合国际惯例，同时也使记名提单失去了其应当具有的实践意义。笔者对此发表了自己的看法，，并在该章中穿插了对海商法中承运人义务的立法建议。该章中还阐述了承运人相应的留置货物的权利。第四章承运人无正本提单放货的法律分析。在前面各章充分阐述了货物运输法律关系中承运人的义务后，本章转入讨论海上货物运输实践中经常发生的无单放货问题。本章论证了无单放货发生的情形、行为的性质、无单放货构成的要件、承运人是否应当对此承担责任、应当承担何种责任及如何进行赔偿等具体问题。同时对司法实践中遇到的又与中国特有的外汇核销制度带来的在无单放货情况下的损失认定表达了观点。从而将无单放货的法律研究与实践操作有机地联系了起来。并在最后探讨了不真正连带之债的问题。提出无单放货纠纷中，提单持有人有权向贸易合同的卖方、提货人及承运人一并主张不真正连带之债，法院可以判令几个义务人共同对提单持有人负连带清偿责任。第五章我国海商立法和修改建议(代结论)。这是论文的总结部分。该章综合了前面各章中论及的我国海商法不完善的地方，提出了具体的对我国《海商法》相关条文修改和完善的建议和设想。这些建议和设想已散见于各章各节之中，是在对各章节理论探讨、对实践进行分析后得出的结论。
[Abstract]:This paper takes delivery without original bill of lading as the object of study. The structure of the paper is from the legal relationship of delivery of goods by bill of lading, the main body of legal relationship of delivery of goods by bill of lading, the content of legal relationship of delivery of goods by bill of lading, the legal analysis of delivery without original bill of lading by carrier and the amendment opinions to China's maritime law. This paper is divided into four chapters.
In this chapter, first of all, from the concept of the legal relationship of delivery of goods carried by B/L, the nature of the legal relationship of delivery of goods is analyzed. The legal nature of the legal relationship between the delivery and delivery of bills of lading and the lifting of bills of lading.
Chapter 2 The subject of the legal relationship of delivery of goods by bill of lading. Due to the particularity of the legal relationship of bill of lading, there are various disputes in practice about the identification of the subject of the legal relationship of delivery of goods by bill of lading. The shipper, the shipper in Section II and the holder of the bill of lading in Section III have difficulties in identifying the carrier, the actual carrier, the shipper and the holder of the bill of lading, and their positions on how to identify the carrier, the actual carrier, the shipper and the holder of the bill of lading in each case are illustrated in the case. It also discusses the conditions for identifying the actual carrier, the relationship between the carrier and the actual carrier, and the liability of the carrier. Finally, it puts forward some suggestions for amending the relevant provisions of the maritime law.
Chapter 3: The content of the legal relationship of delivery of goods by B/L. In this chapter, firstly, the obligations of the carrier under the legal relationship of B/L are summarized. The obligation of the carrier not to delay the delivery of the goods and to deliver the goods against the original bill of lading originates from the provisions of the law. In fact, this is not in conformity with international practice, and at the same time makes the nominal bill of lading lose its practical significance. The author expresses his own views on this point and inserts the carrier's obligations in the maritime law into this chapter. Legislative proposals. The chapter also expounds the rights of the carrier's corresponding lien.
The fourth chapter is the legal analysis of the carrier's delivery of goods without original bill of lading.
After the obligations of the carrier in the legal relationship, this chapter turns to the discussion of the release without bill of lading which often occurs in the practice of carriage of goods by sea.
In this chapter, it is demonstrated that the occurrence of goods without original bill of lading, the nature of the acts, and the conditions for the delivery of goods without bills of lading.
Whether the carrier should bear the responsibility, what kind of responsibility should he bear and how to compensate.
Losses encountered in judicial practice and caused by China's unique foreign exchange write-off system in the case of delivery without a bill of lading
The affirmation expresses the viewpoint, which organically links the legal research and practical operation of delivery without bill of lading.
Finally, the problem of unreal joint and several debts is discussed. It is pointed out that the holder of bill of lading has the right to trade in disputes over delivery without bill of lading.
If the seller, the consignor and the carrier of a contract jointly claim an untrue joint and several obligations, the court may order several obligors.
Jointly and severally liable for the holder of the bill of lading.
The fifth chapter is about China's maritime legislation and amendments.
Combining the imperfections of China's Maritime Law mentioned in the preceding chapters, this paper puts forward some concrete proposals for China's maritime law.
Proposals and ideas for the revision and perfection of the relevant provisions, which have been scattered in various chapters and sections, are
The conclusion is drawn from theoretical analysis of each chapter and analysis of practice.
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：D996.19;D922.294

【引证文献】