论宏观调控法的社会契约精神

发布时间：2018-12-13 06:16

【摘要】：契约理论最初是民商法领域的一个基本概念，但人类社会进入近代社会以后，经过西方法学学者们的不懈努力，终于创造出了一套新的社会政治学理论——社会契约理论。社会契约理论的目的是为了解释政府的起源，以及政府与人民之间存在的关系。根据社会契约理论，人民以社会契约的形式让渡自己的一部分权利而形成国家，国家所拥有的公共权力来自于人民的授予。社会契约理论的出现引起了很多学者的兴趣，一时间社会上掀起了讨论研究社会契约理论的学潮。社会契约理论中平等、自由的思想为实现人们的自由和平等等个人权利提供了基本的依据，也为国家民主的实现奠定了理论上的基础。社会契约理论中对限制政府权力和权责对等的强调，同时也是法治观念的体现，对构想蕴含和谐的法治社会具有重要的理论意义。伴随着人类生产力的发展，人类社会经济水平也逐步获得提高，西方资本主义国家在经历了资本主义形成和巩固时期、自由资本主义时期之后进入到了垄断资本主义阶段，在垄断资本主义阶段，自由放任的经济理论已经不能解决经济发展中所产生的各种问题，此时以国家干预为特征的经济法作为一门新兴的法律学科开始出现，而宏观调控法作为经济法的一个重要部门也开始进入到了世界法学研究的领域中。由于宏观调控法发展的历史并不算长，所以宏观调控法作为一门新兴学科的地位无可置疑，，而衡量一个学科成熟与否的标志是看这个学科的基础理论是否走向成熟。我国由于宏观调控法的研究起步较晚，因此在研究基础理论方面还是相对比较薄弱。本文从社会契约理论的视角入手，试图对宏观调控法的本质进行探讨，从而进一步明确在宏观调控的领域，市场主体之间、市场主体与政府之间以及公民的经济权利与政府经济权力之间存在的相互关系。本文从社会契约理论的基本概念和内涵讲起，详细的阐述了在社会契约理论视角下宏观调控法的本质，从而揭示在宏观调控领域内政府与公民的关系。文章还指明，宏观调控的实质就是政府适度干预理论，而其具体形式则是通过对政府在宏观调控中权责对等的要求来实现的。通过对宏观调控法社会契约精神主要内涵的论述，进一步分析了社会契约精神在当今构建经济可持续发展和谐社会中的重要意义，以及对于宏观调控法基本理论的充实完善作用。随着市场主体权利意识的觉醒，人们对宏观调控法的认识也越来越深刻，而驱使市场主体遵守宏观调控法服从政府宏观调控管理行为的内在原因，则是源于市场主体对宏观调控法社会契约本质的认同，以及对宏观调控法所蕴含的经济民主和公平价值的认可。用社会契约理念来审视宏观调控法，可以有效地驱散笼罩于宏观调控法之上的神秘色彩，从而为宏观调控法及宏观调控法学的进一步发展奠定良好的基础。
[Abstract]:Contract theory was originally a basic concept in the field of civil and commercial law, but after human society entered the modern society, through the unremitting efforts of western legal scholars, a new set of social political theory, the theory of social contract, was finally created. The purpose of social contract theory is to explain the origin of government and the relationship between government and people. According to the theory of social contract, people transfer part of their rights in the form of social contract to form a state, and the public power owned by the state comes from the grant of the people. The emergence of the theory of social contract has aroused the interest of many scholars. The theory of equality and freedom in the theory of social contract not only provides a basic basis for the realization of individual rights such as freedom and equality, but also lays a theoretical foundation for the realization of national democracy. In the theory of social contract, the emphasis on the restriction of government power and the equivalence of power and responsibility is also the embodiment of the concept of rule of law, which is of great theoretical significance to the conception of a harmonious society under the rule of law. With the development of human productivity, the economic level of human society has been gradually improved. Western capitalist countries have entered the stage of monopoly capitalism after the formation and consolidation of capitalism and the period of free capitalism. In the stage of monopoly capitalism, the economic theory of laissez-faire can no longer solve all kinds of problems in economic development. At this time, economic law, characterized by state intervention, began to emerge as a new law subject. As an important part of economic law, macro-control law has also entered the field of world legal research. Because the history of the development of macro-control law is not long, the status of macro-control law as a new discipline is indisputable, and the mark of judging whether a discipline is mature or not is to see whether the basic theory of this discipline is maturing. Because of the late start of macro-control law in China, it is relatively weak in basic theory. From the perspective of social contract theory, this paper attempts to explore the nature of macro-control law, so as to further clarify the field of macro-control, between the market subjects, The relationship between the market subject and the government, and between the citizen's economic right and the government's economic power. Starting from the basic concept and connotation of social contract theory, this paper expounds in detail the essence of macro-control law from the perspective of social contract theory, thus revealing the relationship between government and citizens in the field of macro-control. The paper also points out that the essence of macro-control is the theory of moderate government intervention, and its concrete form is realized through the requirement of equal rights and responsibilities in macro-control. By discussing the main connotation of the spirit of social contract in macro-control law, this paper further analyzes the significance of the spirit of social contract in the construction of a harmonious society with sustainable economic development. And the basic theory of macro-control law to enrich and improve the role. With the awakening of the market subject's right consciousness, people's understanding of the macro-control law is more and more profound, which drives the market subject to abide by the macro-control law and obey the internal reason of the government's macro-control management behavior. It is derived from the recognition of the nature of the social contract of the macro-control law and the economic democracy and fair value contained in the macro-control law. The use of the concept of social contract to examine the macro-control law can effectively dispel the mysterious color shrouded in the macro-control law and thus lay a good foundation for the further development of the macro-control law and the macro-control law.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.291

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