海盗赎金引发的保险问题研究

发布时间：2018-12-13 07:18

【摘要】：作为最古老的海上人为风险,海盗始终伴随着人类的航海活动和海上贸易。而且随着经济全球化和国际贸易长足的发展,杀人越货式的传统海盗,现今已发展为抢劫船货、扣押人质而要求赎金的现代海盗。面对强索赎金的现代海盗,传统海盗的承保责任及方式已不能适应现代海盗所造成的海盗风险,为我国保险业提出了新的挑战和要求。本文拟分五个部分对海盗赎金进行分析研究。第一部分,从海盗的起源及发展入手,对海盗赎金的定义、特征和种类进行分析,强调传统海盗与现代海盗的区别,提出我国海商法应对海盗行为作出明确界定,并明确船舶赎金、货物赎金和人员赎金的三种分类。第二部分,对支付海盗赎金的合法性进行研究。首先对赎金支付的条件和原则进行分析,其次比较国外法律对海盗赎金所持不同观点,辨析英国和美国对海盗赎金所持的立场。再次,根据目前各国对海盗赎金的不同态度,即合法与非法之争的问题,结合我国尚无法律明确规定的现状,提出我国通过修改法律或出台相关司法解释的方式,确立海盗赎金支付的合法性。第三部分,对与海盗赎金相关保险之现状进行分析。首先对不同国家现有船舶保险制度下的船舶保险对海盗风险的承保情况进行比较研究；其次对不同国家货物保险制度下的货物保险对海盗风险的承保情况进行比较研究；再次对船东互保协会对海盗风险进行探析；最后,介绍水险市场的新发展——海盗赎金险。第四部分,对海盗赎金险的承保范围进行研究,指出海盗赎金险应承保的危险,应承保的的损失及其除外责任。第五部分,通过上述分析,并结合我国现行法律的实际,建议首先应创设海盗赎金险,以解决因海盗赎金支付而产生的各种费用的分摊难题。其次,如果在新险种创设困难的情况下,结合我国现有保险制度,建议扩大现有战争险的承保范围,将海盗赎金纳入特别战争险承保。最后,如果在前二种方式都难实现的情况下,建议将海盗赎金纳入保赔保险承保,解决商业保险不愿承保的难题。
[Abstract]:As the oldest man-made risk at sea, piracy has always been accompanied by human navigation and maritime trade. Moreover, with the rapid development of economic globalization and international trade, the traditional pirates of killing and overloading have developed into modern pirates who rob ships, take hostages and demand ransom. In the face of the modern pirates demanding ransom, the traditional pirates' underwriting liability and methods can not adapt to the piracy risk caused by the modern pirates, which puts forward new challenges and requirements for the insurance industry of our country. This paper is divided into five parts to analyze the pirate ransom. The first part, starting with the origin and development of pirates, analyzes the definition, characteristics and types of piracy ransom, emphasizes the difference between traditional pirates and modern pirates, and points out that the maritime law of our country should clearly define piracy. The classification of ship ransoms, cargo ransoms and personnel ransoms is clarified. The second part studies the legality of paying pirate ransom. This paper first analyzes the conditions and principles of ransom payment, then compares the different viewpoints of foreign law on pirate ransom, and analyzes the stand of the United Kingdom and the United States on the ransom of pirates. Thirdly, according to the different attitudes of various countries to pirate ransom at present, that is, the issue of legal and illegal disputes, combined with the current situation of our country which has not yet been clearly stipulated by law, this paper puts forward the way of our country through amending the law or issuing relevant judicial interpretation. Establish the legitimacy of pirate ransom payment. The third part analyzes the current situation of pirate ransom insurance. Firstly, the paper makes a comparative study on the underwriting of piracy risk by ship insurance under the existing ship insurance system of different countries, and then makes a comparative study on the underwriting of piracy risk by cargo insurance under the cargo insurance system of different countries. Finally, it introduces the new development of the water insurance market-pirate ransom insurance. In the fourth part, the author studies the coverage of pirate ransom insurance, and points out the risks, losses and their exclusions that should be covered by pirate ransom insurance. In the fifth part, through the above analysis and combining with the reality of our country's current law, it is suggested that the pirate ransom insurance should be created first in order to solve the problem of apportioning all kinds of expenses arising from the payment of pirate ransoms. Secondly, if it is difficult to create new types of insurance, combined with the existing insurance system in China, it is proposed to expand the coverage of existing war risk, and to include pirate ransom in special war risk insurance. Finally, if the first two methods are difficult to achieve, it is suggested that pirate ransoms be included in the insurable insurance to solve the problem that commercial insurance is unwilling to underwrite.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.294;D922.284

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