营业转让中对债权人利益保护之研究

发布时间：2018-12-13 13:43

【摘要】：营业强调商事主体和客体之间的归属关系，客观意义上的营业即为营业资产，也为营业转让的客体，更是一般债权人的担保价值基础之所在，债权人在营业转让的契约关系中处于弱势地位，现有民商法制度已经不能适应营业实践发展的需要，更不能给予营业转让中的债权人以完善的保护。本文一共分为以下五个部分。第一部分，介绍了营业转让的基本制度，，为下文做铺垫。分析了营业资产的自身特点以及营业资产与债务的关系，将营业转让与相似的经济行为进行比较分析，进一步总结出营业转让的特点。第二部分，主要论述对债权人进行保护的必要性。首先，社会责任要求商主体在营业转让时考虑到处于弱势地位的债权人的利益。其次，对债权人进行保护，实现对商法效率优先原则的矫正，保障基本的交易安全。最后，将债权人在交易中所处的信息弱势地位和在营业转让中所面临的特殊交易、道德风险进行了论述。第三部分，主要讨论营业转让中的债务移转承担规则。对各国的立法例进行梳理和探讨，同时从我国目前的法律规定中分析出我国所适用的规则，即除非债权人与转让双方有约定，一概由受让人承担。第四部分，从民事法律、商主体法以及国有企业改制相关立法三个方面，将我国对营业转让中债权人的保护制度进行了梳理，结合前三部分推论出，我国目前相关立法存在一些困境和缺陷，传统民法进行保护之法理基础不符，商事主体立法中对营业转让中债权人保护制度缺失，国有企业改制相关立法存在责任移转承担规则不合法理。第五部分，尝试以商事通则的模式来构建对营业转让对债权人进行保护的制度，引入商事公告制度以及法国的支付异议权、竞价权来保障债权人的知情权，提出了公司债券持有人自我救济机制的运用以及对未来债权人的保护建议。
[Abstract]:Business emphasizes the relationship between the subject and object of business. In an objective sense, business is not only the business assets, but also the object of business transfer, which is the basis of the guarantee value of the general creditor. Creditors are in a weak position in the contractual relationship of business assignment, and the existing civil and commercial law system can not meet the needs of the development of business practice, let alone give perfect protection to the creditors in the business transfer. This paper is divided into the following five parts. The first part introduces the basic system of business transfer, which paves the way for the following. This paper analyzes the characteristics of business assets and the relationship between business assets and debts, compares business transfer with similar economic behaviors, and further summarizes the characteristics of business transfer. The second part mainly discusses the necessity of creditor protection. First of all, social responsibility requires the subject to take into account the interests of the creditors in a weak position. Secondly, the creditor should be protected, the principle of commercial law efficiency should be rectified, and the basic transaction security should be guaranteed. Finally, the paper discusses the weak position of the creditor in the transaction and the special transaction in the business transfer, moral hazard. The third part mainly discusses the rules of transfer and commitment of debts in business transfer. At the same time, the author analyzes the applicable rules of our country from the current legal provisions of our country, that is, unless the creditor and the transferor agree, the transferee shall bear all the rules. The fourth part, from the civil law, the commercial subject law and the state-owned enterprise reform related legislation three aspects, has carried on the combing to our country to the business assignment creditor protection system, unifies the first three parts to infer, At present, there are some difficulties and defects in the relevant legislation of our country, the legal basis of the protection of traditional civil law is not consistent, and the system of creditor protection in the legislation of commercial subject is absent. State-owned enterprises reform related legislation exists responsibility transfer assume rule is not legal. In the fifth part, the author tries to construct the system of protecting the creditors by the commercial general rules, and introduces the commercial announcement system and the French right of dissent to pay, and the right of bidding to protect the creditors' right to know. This paper puts forward the application of self-relief mechanism for corporate bondholders and the protection of future creditors.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923.3

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