代位诉讼研究

发布时间：2018-12-14 05:46

【摘要】： 代位权是大陆法系国家民事实体法中的概念，，我国一直到1999年实施的合同法才规定了代位权制度，因为其规定在合同法之中，因此也被认为是一种实体法上的权利。而根据我国法律的规定，实体法上的代位权只能以诉讼方式进行，因此可以说，代位诉讼是随着我国合同法的完善而出现的一种新型诉讼方式。合同法对债权人代位诉讼权的规定，突出了对债权人的保护，具有重大积极的意义。然而，任何实体法的条文总表现为一般的规范命题，其具体内容必须通过一个个具体案件的处理才能显示出来。换言之，实体法的内容往往并非事先被预定了的不变的价值，而必须通过诉讼程序的进行在一般规范命题框架内逐渐形成。而代位权制度的内在价值同样必须通过诉讼程序即代位诉讼来实现与展开。但由于长期以来的“重实体，轻程序”的错误思想，我国民法在总体上忽视程序机制，将诉讼程序统统交给民事诉讼法去规定，切断了民法与民事诉讼法内在的有机联系。令人遗憾的是，《合同法》关于代位权的规定再次忽视了实现代位权的程序机制——代位诉讼，而事实上代位权的行使过程中问题最多的就是在程序方面。代位诉讼作为一种新型的诉讼类型，必然是过去实务中没有遭遇过的，对代位诉讼制度的研究不仅可以促进实体法的顺利实行，同时，也是对我国民事诉讼理论的补充和发展。本文首先对代位诉讼基本理论进行了介绍，探讨了代位诉讼的目的、性质特征以及价值，同时也比较研究了国外主要的代位诉讼制度，借鉴其中的有益成分，并结合代位诉讼的基础理论，从代位诉讼的诉讼标的、当事人适格、债务人地位等争议较大的问题着手，探讨建立我国代位诉讼制度的思路和具体方案。其次，笔者根据代位诉讼的特点，结合司法实务，着重阐述了代位诉讼的程序问题，使之更加方便操作，切实可行。最后，主要针对我国债权人代位权制度可操作性不强的弱点，提出了整合债权人代位权制度和对第三人强制执行制度的观点，并对如何整合这两种制度提出了自己的建议。
[Abstract]:The right of subrogation is a concept in the civil substantive law of civil law countries in the continental law system. It was not until 1999 that the contract law of our country stipulated the system of subrogation, because it was stipulated in the contract law, so it is also considered as a kind of rights in substantive law. According to the law of our country, the right of subrogation in substantive law can only be carried out by way of litigation, so it can be said that subrogation is a new kind of litigation mode which appears with the perfection of contract law of our country. The stipulation of creditor's right of subrogation in contract law highlights the protection of creditor, which is of great positive significance. However, the provisions of any substantive law are always expressed as general normative propositions, and their specific contents must be dealt with one by one in order to be displayed. In other words, the content of substantive law is not the predetermined value, but must be gradually formed within the framework of the general normative proposition through the proceeding of legal proceedings. The intrinsic value of subrogation system must also be realized and carried out through the procedure of subrogation. However, due to the long wrong thought of "attaching importance to substance and neglecting procedure", the civil law of our country neglects the procedural mechanism in general, and gives the procedure to the civil procedure law to stipulate, thus cutting off the organic connection between the civil law and the civil procedure law. It is regrettable that the stipulation of the right of subrogation in contract Law again ignores the procedural mechanism of realizing subrogation-subrogation litigation. In fact, the most problematic aspect of the exercise of subrogation is in procedure. Subrogation litigation, as a new type of litigation, must have not been encountered in practice in the past. The study of subrogation litigation system can not only promote the smooth implementation of substantive law, but also complement and develop the theory of civil action in our country. This paper first introduces the basic theory of subrogation, discusses the purpose, nature and value of subrogation, and also compares and studies the main subrogation litigation systems in foreign countries. Based on the basic theory of subrogation, this paper probes into the train of thought and concrete scheme of establishing the subrogation litigation system in China from the controversial issues such as the subject matter of the subrogation action, the suitability of the parties and the status of the debtor. Secondly, according to the characteristics of subrogation, combined with judicial practice, the author focuses on the procedure of subrogation, making it more convenient and feasible. Finally, aiming at the weakness of the system of creditor's subrogation in our country, this paper puts forward the viewpoint of integrating the system of creditor's subrogation and the system of enforcing the third party, and puts forward some suggestions on how to integrate these two systems.
【学位授予单位】：四川大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D915.2

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