国际海上危险货物运输承托双方的义务和责任

发布时间：2019-03-26 10:59

【摘要】：自2013年起,作为全球第一贸易大国的中国,同时也成为了世界重要的海运大国。航运业的健康发展直接关系着我国海运事业的发展速度。然而,在海运贸易蓬勃发展的今日,国际海上危险货物运输(以下简称危货海运)作为世界海运不可或缺的组成部分有着它极大的特殊性,这之中包括载运货物的危险性以及海洋环境的复杂性,对此国际上和内国立法都做了特别规定,但内容上的差异使得危货海运在此条件下的规定参差不齐,其中涉及的诸多问题也引起了航运界以及海商法理论界的激烈探讨。本文从危货海运的相关立法入手,以我国《海商法》、《合同法》为基础,运用了比较分析、实证分析等研究方法,同时对比《海牙规则》、《汉堡规则》、《鹿特丹规则》三大公约在危货海运方面的特殊和一般规定,参考海运比较发达的国家的内国法以及国际危货海运中的一些经典判例,进而分析危货海运中托运人和承运人在此方面的义务和责任的特殊问题。另外,本文着重对危货海运的相关立法、危险货物承托双方的责任义务以及归责原则这几个问题进行系统的阐述,分析我国《海商法》在这方面的不足来提出建议。具体来讲,本文分为四章,第一章介绍有关危险货物以及承托双方的界定以及在国际公约和部分国家和地区的相关立法上的规定,对比关于危险货物运输特殊规定的国际公约和国内立法和变化趋势;第二章系统阐述了危货海运承托双方在立法上的特殊义务,特别是对托运人的比较重要的通知义务进行细致阐述,并结合相关国际条约和我国《海商法》的相关规定进行对比、分析并提出自己的建议;第三章深入地分析了危货海运中有关承托双方的归责原则以及双方具体的特殊责任承担问题,并将实际承运人作为一个特殊方面与承运人进行区分分析;第四章对我国《海商法》中第68条针对承托双方责任义务方面相关规定提出问题和修改建议。期望在此所做的分析与研究能够有助于海运贸易下的平衡船货双方的利益与风险,使义务责任分配更趋于合理化,提高危货海运的安全,促进危货海运的持续、健康发展。
[Abstract]:Since 2013, China, as the largest trading country in the world, has also become an important shipping power in the world. The healthy development of shipping industry is directly related to the development speed of shipping industry in China. However, with the vigorous development of maritime trade, the international maritime dangerous goods transport (hereinafter referred to as dangerous goods shipping), as an indispensable part of the world maritime transport, has its great particularity. This includes the dangers of carrying goods and the complexity of the marine environment, which are specifically regulated by international and domestic legislation, but differences in content make the provisions for maritime transport of dangerous goods uneven under such conditions, Many of the problems involved have also aroused intense discussion in shipping circles and maritime law theory circles. Starting with the relevant legislation on maritime transport of dangerous goods, this paper, based on China's Maritime Law and contract Law, makes use of comparative analysis, empirical analysis and other research methods, and compares the Hague rules and Hamburg rules at the same time. The special and general provisions of the Rotterdam rules in the field of maritime transport of dangerous goods, referring to the domestic laws of countries with more advanced maritime transport, as well as to some of the classic jurisprudence in the international maritime transport of dangerous goods, Furthermore, the special problems of shipper and carrier's obligations and responsibilities in this respect are analyzed. In addition, this paper focuses on the relevant legislation of maritime transport of dangerous goods, the liability obligations of the parties bearing dangerous goods and the principle of imputation, and puts forward some suggestions for the analysis of the shortcomings of the Maritime Code of our country in this respect. Specifically, this article is divided into four chapters, the first chapter introduces the definition of dangerous goods and the parties carrying, as well as the provisions in international conventions and the relevant legislation of some countries and regions, Comparison of international conventions and domestic legislation and changing trends on special provisions for the carriage of dangerous goods; The second chapter systematically expounds the special legal obligations of the shippers, especially the more important notifying obligations of the shippers, and compares them with the relevant international treaties and the relevant provisions of the Maritime Law of our country. Analyze and put forward their own suggestions; The third chapter deeply analyzes the principle of liability imputation of both parties and the specific responsibility of both parties in dangerous cargo shipping, and makes a distinction between the actual carrier and the carrier as a special aspect. In the fourth chapter, the article 68 of Maritime Law of our country puts forward some questions and suggestions on the related provisions of liability and obligation of the two parties under the Code of Maritime Law of our country. It is expected that the analysis and research done here will help balance the interests and risks of both sides of the ship and cargo under the seaborne trade, rationalize the distribution of obligations and responsibilities, improve the safety of maritime transport of dangerous goods, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of maritime transport of dangerous goods.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D996.19;D922.294

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