船舶优先权制度的若干法律问题研究
发布时间：2019-04-24 05:25
【摘要】：船舶优先权是海商法体系中较为有代表性的法律制度，具有较高受偿地位，其受偿序位优先于船舶抵押权和船舶留置权。法律更高地保护一种权利，就必然会造成其他某种或某些权利的损害。因此，对于船舶优先权的制度立法是一种利益的平衡，，既能使立法者保护船舶优先权人的目的能够最大程度得以实现，又兼顾其他利益，这也正是本文写作的出发点和研究点。 本文主要运用了比较分析法和利益衡平的原则去写作，以我国《海商法》为基础，参考国际公约和各国关于船舶优先权制度的规定，除引言和结论外，共分为四个部分。 第一部分是关于船舶优先权制度的理论分析。以船舶优先权的起源及发展为出发点，对船舶优先权制度进行界定，继而对争议较大的船舶优先权性质进行了再讨论，认为一方面船舶优先权大部分特征都是与担保物权相吻合的，而另一方面又存在违背的地方，但是我们不应只因为一点例外而否定全盘，船舶优先权的性质应界定为担保物权。 第二部分从船舶优先权的法理角度进行了论述。之所有用大段篇幅来分析船舶优先权的法理基础，目的是想探究立法者设立这样一个具体最高受偿地位的制度究竟用意何在。理解了一个制度的立法本意，再考察后面的具体制度规定也就较为容易了。因此主要从船舶优先权制度的基本理念、立法理由以及制度价值等方面论述了船舶优先权存在的必要性。 第三部分着重探讨了船舶优先权行使的实体问题。船舶优先权行使的实体性就在于船舶优先权是一种实体性权利，因此分别从船舶优先权行使的主体、船舶优先权行使的标的以及船舶优先权行使的项目及受偿位序三个方面来写，着重论述了船舶优先权行使的标的。在比较分析了《1926年公约》、《1967年公约》和《1993年公约》三个国际公约中关于船舶优先权标的范围的规定和大陆法系以及英美法系一些国家关于船舶优先权标的的规定后，从我国的现实权益和船舶优先权的立法目的等方面考虑，得出我国《海商法》把船舶优先权标的仅限于船舶是过于狭窄的，不利于对我国当事人的保护，并主张将标的范围适当扩大。 其次是船舶优先权的项目。船舶优先权项目是船舶优先权的核心内容，何种项目应该列为船舶优先权项目优先受偿，体现了各国对社会价值和公共政策的不同考虑。而项目的多少及项目的次序也会对包括船舶抵押权人在内的各债权人利益的实现有实质影响。首先
[Abstract]:Maritime lien is a representative legal system in maritime law system, which has a higher status of compensation, and its priority over ship mortgage and ship lien. A higher protection of one right by law is bound to cause damage to one or some other rights. Therefore, the system legislation of maritime lien is a kind of balance of interests, which can not only make the legislator realize the goal of protecting ship priority owner to the maximum extent, but also take into account other interests, which is the starting point and research point of this paper. This paper mainly uses the principle of comparative analysis and equity of interests to write. Based on the Maritime Law of our country, this paper is divided into four parts except introduction and conclusion, referring to international conventions and regulations of various countries on maritime lien system. The first part is about the theoretical analysis of maritime liens system. Taking the origin and development of maritime lien as the starting point, this paper defines the maritime lien system, and then discusses the nature of maritime lien, which is the most controversial one, On the one hand, most of the characteristics of maritime lien are consistent with the real right of security, but on the other hand, there are some violations. However, we should not deny the whole because of one exception, and the nature of maritime lien should be defined as the real right of security. The second part discusses it from the legal point of view of maritime lien. To analyze the legal basis of maritime liens in a large section, the purpose of this paper is to explore the purpose of establishing such a specific system of supreme compensatory status by the legislator. After understanding the legislative intent of a system, it is easier to examine the specific system provisions. Therefore, this paper discusses the necessity of the existence of maritime lien from the aspects of the basic concept, legislative reasons and system value of maritime lien system. The third part focuses on the substantive issues of maritime lien exercise. The substance of the exercise of maritime lien lies in that maritime lien is a kind of substantive right, so the subject that is exercised separately from maritime lien, The subject matter of maritime lien exercise, the item of maritime lien exercise and the order of claim are described in this paper, and the subject matter of maritime lien exercise is emphatically discussed. Having compared and analysed the provisions of the 1926 Convention, the 1967 Convention and the 1993 Convention concerning the scope of the subject matter of maritime lien and the provisions of the civil law system and the British and American law system on the subject matter of maritime lien, Considering the practical rights and interests of our country and the legislative purpose of maritime lien, it is concluded that it is too narrow to limit the subject matter of maritime lien to ships in China, which is not conducive to the protection of the parties in our country. And advocate the appropriate expansion of the scope of the subject matter. Next is the project of maritime lien. Maritime lien project is the core content of maritime lien. What kind of project should be listed as priority compensation of maritime lien project reflects the different consideration of social value and public policy. And the number of projects and the order of projects will also have a substantial impact on the realization of the interests of creditors, including the ship mortgagee. First
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D922.294;D996.19
本文编号：2464138
[Abstract]:Maritime lien is a representative legal system in maritime law system, which has a higher status of compensation, and its priority over ship mortgage and ship lien. A higher protection of one right by law is bound to cause damage to one or some other rights. Therefore, the system legislation of maritime lien is a kind of balance of interests, which can not only make the legislator realize the goal of protecting ship priority owner to the maximum extent, but also take into account other interests, which is the starting point and research point of this paper. This paper mainly uses the principle of comparative analysis and equity of interests to write. Based on the Maritime Law of our country, this paper is divided into four parts except introduction and conclusion, referring to international conventions and regulations of various countries on maritime lien system. The first part is about the theoretical analysis of maritime liens system. Taking the origin and development of maritime lien as the starting point, this paper defines the maritime lien system, and then discusses the nature of maritime lien, which is the most controversial one, On the one hand, most of the characteristics of maritime lien are consistent with the real right of security, but on the other hand, there are some violations. However, we should not deny the whole because of one exception, and the nature of maritime lien should be defined as the real right of security. The second part discusses it from the legal point of view of maritime lien. To analyze the legal basis of maritime liens in a large section, the purpose of this paper is to explore the purpose of establishing such a specific system of supreme compensatory status by the legislator. After understanding the legislative intent of a system, it is easier to examine the specific system provisions. Therefore, this paper discusses the necessity of the existence of maritime lien from the aspects of the basic concept, legislative reasons and system value of maritime lien system. The third part focuses on the substantive issues of maritime lien exercise. The substance of the exercise of maritime lien lies in that maritime lien is a kind of substantive right, so the subject that is exercised separately from maritime lien, The subject matter of maritime lien exercise, the item of maritime lien exercise and the order of claim are described in this paper, and the subject matter of maritime lien exercise is emphatically discussed. Having compared and analysed the provisions of the 1926 Convention, the 1967 Convention and the 1993 Convention concerning the scope of the subject matter of maritime lien and the provisions of the civil law system and the British and American law system on the subject matter of maritime lien, Considering the practical rights and interests of our country and the legislative purpose of maritime lien, it is concluded that it is too narrow to limit the subject matter of maritime lien to ships in China, which is not conducive to the protection of the parties in our country. And advocate the appropriate expansion of the scope of the subject matter. Next is the project of maritime lien. Maritime lien project is the core content of maritime lien. What kind of project should be listed as priority compensation of maritime lien project reflects the different consideration of social value and public policy. And the number of projects and the order of projects will also have a substantial impact on the realization of the interests of creditors, including the ship mortgagee. First
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D922.294;D996.19
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 臧海峰;;有关船舶优先权消灭的法律问题思考[J];法制与社会;2008年31期
本文编号：2464138
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