论刑事诉讼证据裁判原则

发布时间：2018-01-06 12:43

本文关键词：论刑事诉讼证据裁判原则　出处：《郑州大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：证据裁判原则是刑事诉讼法中的一项基本原则,是指在刑事诉讼活动中认定案件事实必须以证据为本,也就是说,刑事司法裁判必须建立在证据的基础之上。人类社会的司法证明方法曾经经历过两次重大转变:第一次是从“神证”转变为“人证”,第二次是从“人证”转变为“物证”。随着人类社会的不断进步,司法证明方法更加科学,更加符合客观规律,证据裁判原则就是这一过程中的最终产物。刑事诉讼证据裁判原则应当包括如下含义:(1)认定待证事实应当依靠证据,没有证据不能认定案件事实;(2)用于证明待证事实的证据应当具有证据能力,不具有证据能力的证据不得采用;(3)用于证明待证事实的证据必须经法庭查证属实。证据裁判原则要求以证据为根据合理判断案件事实,司法工作人员不能以主观的臆断或猜测等作为认定案件事实的依据。在司法实践中这一原则具有十分重要的意义,它可以有效克服司法专横,防止刑讯逼供,实现司法公正。在这种要求下,司法工作人员在办案工作中就应当完全依据现有证据认定案件事实,严格按照法律对案件进行裁判。基于此,世界上许多国家对证据裁判原则作出了明确规定,我国刑事诉讼法也基本确立了这一原则。我国立法有关证据裁判原则的规定分散于《刑事诉讼法》和相关司法解释中,相关规定只是体现了证据裁判原则的基本精神,立法并未明确确立这一原则,且存在证明标准不明确、证据规则体系不完善、证据裁判违法责任缺失等不足。同时,由于我国司法长期“重实体、轻程序”,司法实践中仍有许多违背证据裁判原则的做法,存在诸多不足,如司法工作人员证据裁判理念不强、非法取证行为屡禁不止、裁判文书说理制度不完善等。证据裁判原则是刑事诉讼制度的核心原则,它使认定案件事实的过程更具有科学性、客观性和说服力。由于这一原则在我国刑事诉讼立法和司法实践中仍存在诸多不足,因此,有必要进一步深入研究刑事诉讼证据裁判原则。本文从介绍证据裁判原则的基本内容出发,对域外主要国家的证据裁判原则进行考察,同时分析我国适用证据裁判原则的现状及存在的问题,提出相关完善建议。经过分析论证,使证据裁判原则在我国得以更好的适用,树立文明、科学的现代司法理念,保障司法活动的公平和公正。
[Abstract]:The principle of evidence adjudication is a basic principle in the criminal procedure law, which means that the fact of the case must be based on the evidence in the criminal proceedings, that is to say. Criminal justice must be based on evidence. The method of judicial proof in human society has undergone two major changes: the first time is from "divine evidence" to "human witness". The second time is from "witness" to "material evidence". With the continuous progress of human society, the method of judicial proof is more scientific, more in line with the objective law. The principle of evidence adjudication is the final product of this process. The principle of evidence adjudication in criminal proceedings should include the following meaning: 1) the fact to be proved should depend on the evidence, and the fact of the case cannot be ascertained without evidence; (2) the evidence used to prove the facts to be proved shall have the evidentiary capacity, and the evidence which does not possess the evidentiary capacity shall not be used; The evidence used to prove the facts to be proved must be verified by the court. The principle of evidence adjudication requires that the facts of the case should be reasonably judged on the basis of evidence. Judicial staff can not use subjective assumptions or guesses as the basis for determining the facts of the case. In judicial practice, this principle has a very important significance, it can effectively overcome judicial arbitrariness and prevent torture of confessions. Under this kind of request, the judicial staff should determine the facts of the case according to the existing evidence and judge the case strictly in accordance with the law. Many countries in the world have clearly stipulated the principle of evidence adjudication. China's criminal procedure law has basically established this principle. The provisions of our legislation on the principle of evidence adjudication are scattered in the Criminal procedure Law and related judicial interpretation. Relevant provisions only reflect the basic spirit of the principle of evidence adjudication, legislation has not clearly established this principle, and there is not clear standards of proof, evidence rules system is not perfect. At the same time, due to our country's judicature for a long time "emphasis on substance, not the procedure", there are still many practices of violating the principle of evidence adjudication in judicial practice, there are many shortcomings. The principle of evidence adjudication is the core principle of criminal procedure system, for example, the concept of evidence judgment of judicial staff is not strong, the illegal evidence collection behavior is not prohibited, the reasoning system of judgment documents is not perfect and the principle of evidence adjudication is the core principle of the criminal procedure system. It makes the process of determining the facts of the case more scientific, objective and persuasive. Because this principle still has many shortcomings in our criminal procedure legislation and judicial practice, therefore. It is necessary to further study the principle of evidence adjudication in criminal proceedings. This paper starts from the introduction of the basic content of the principle of evidence adjudication, and investigates the principle of evidence adjudication in major foreign countries. At the same time, this paper analyzes the current situation and existing problems of applying the principle of evidence adjudication in our country, and puts forward some relevant perfect suggestions. Through the analysis and demonstration, the principle of evidence adjudication can be better applied in our country and establish civilization. The scientific modern judicial concept ensures the fairness and fairness of judicial activities.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D925.2

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