非法证据排除规则的中国范式——基于1459个刑事案例的分析

发布时间：2018-01-17 18:05

本文关键词：非法证据排除规则的中国范式——基于1459个刑事案例的分析　出处：《中国社会科学》2016年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：中国非法证据排除规则已经从法律文本走向司法实践,并且在保障人权方面发挥了重要作用。在司法实践中,绝大多数非法证据排除申请都能启动对证据合法性的审查,其中约有一成左右的申请得到支持,从而将非法证据排除。在非法证据被排除的案件中,有些被告人被宣告无罪,有些案件被发回重审,有的案件检察院撤回起诉;有些被告人虽被定罪,但其被指控的部分犯罪事实未被认定。有关非法证据排除的司法实践反映出一些问题,例如毒树之果原理的缺失导致犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的权利不能得到更好保护,部分案件在证据合法性证明问题上出现转嫁举证责任的现象,有些案件法院从内容真实推论程序合法,有些案件因规则模糊导致权利保护不到位。应对的举措是确立"毒树之果"规则,杜绝举证责任倒置,逐步实现从证据分类型规则向权利分类型规则的转变。
[Abstract]:The exclusionary rule of illegal evidence in China has changed from legal text to judicial practice and has played an important role in protecting human rights. The vast majority of illegal evidence exclusion applications can initiate a review of the legality of evidence, about 10% of which are supported, thus excluding illegal evidence in cases where illegal evidence is excluded. Some defendants were acquitted, some cases were sent back to trial, and some cases were withdrawn by the procuratorate. Some defendants have been convicted, but some of the facts of their alleged crimes have not been determined. Judicial practice on the exclusion of illegal evidence reflects some problems, such as the absence of the fruit of the poison tree principle leading to the suspects. The rights of the defendant can not be better protected. In some cases, the burden of proof is transferred on the proof of the legality of evidence. In some cases, the court deduces the procedure legally from the truth of the content. In some cases the protection of rights is not in place due to vague rules. The measures to be taken are to establish the "fruit of poison tree" rule, to put an end to the inversion of the burden of proof, and to gradually realize the transformation from the rule of classification of evidence to the rule of subtype of right.
【作者单位】：清华大学法学院;
【分类号】：D925.2
【正文快照】： 我国最高司法机关分别于1998年、1999年出台了关于被告人供述、被害人陈述、证人证言等言词证据方面的非法证据排除规则。2010年,最高人民法院、最高人民检察院联合公安部、司法部和国家安全部共同发布了《关于办理刑事案件排除非法证据若干问题的规定》(以下简称《非法证据排

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