论民事公益诉讼主体激励机制的建构

发布时间：2018-01-25 10:52

本文关键词： 公益诉讼激励机制公共利益诉讼主体　出处：《北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2016年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：对于公共利益的抽象性观点,主要是来源于其具体的利益归属不明确。由于公共利益的具体承担者存在复数性,存在集体行动困难和决策激励难题,使得公共利益难以通过传统民事诉讼程序予以维护和矫正。民事公益诉讼在我国当前司法实践中影响甚微,源于制度设计中缺乏对民事公益诉讼主体和激励机制特殊性的有效回应。解决问题的出路在于:厘清民事公益诉讼激励机制的基本理念,构建集体性、公共性诉讼的特殊规则。可以借鉴美国式集体诉讼模式和德国团体诉讼模式,赋予其裁判扩张效力,强化共同诉讼的激励机制,允许公益性职能更明确、专业能力法定机关和社会组织,作为团体代表实施民事公益代表诉讼,并通过诉讼类型分类与诉讼团体资格审查,控制可能出现的滥诉现象。
[Abstract]:The abstract view of public interest mainly comes from the unclear ownership of its specific interests. Due to the plural nature of the specific stakeholders of the public interest, there are difficulties in collective action and decision-making incentives. It is difficult to maintain and correct the public interest through the traditional civil procedure. The civil public interest litigation has little influence in the current judicial practice of our country. Due to the lack of effective response to the particularity of civil public interest litigation and incentive mechanism in the system design, the solution lies in clarifying the basic concept of the incentive mechanism of civil public interest litigation and constructing collectivity. The special rules of public litigation. We can draw lessons from the American class action model and German group action model, endow it with the expanding effect of judgment, strengthen the incentive mechanism of joint action, and allow the public welfare function to be clearer. Legal organs and social organizations of professional competence, as representatives of groups, carry out civil public interest representative litigation, and through the classification of litigation types and the qualification examination of litigation groups, the possible phenomenon of excessive action is controlled.
【作者单位】：北京大学政府管理学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“民事公益诉讼激励机制的法经济学研究”(项目批准号:15BFX074)
【分类号】：D925.1
【正文快照】： 公共利益既是法律予以保护和追求的社会目标,同时也是实体立法必须考虑的因素。民商事基本法律以及经济规制性法律,无不将公共利益列明为立法要素,并将其作为制定时的关键标准和价值原则。此外,公共利益也在新型经济规制法以及社会法领域被强调。消费者权益保护、环境保护等公

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